science test 1
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70 Terms
Atoms are made up of…
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atoms are organized as elements into the …
Periodic Table
Atoms have a mass number equal to…
the total number of protons and neutrons
An element is matter that is composed of one type of…
Atom
The unit of measurement used for atomic particles is the…
Atomic mass unit
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called…
isotopes
In the periodic table elements are arranged by increasing atomic…
number
An electron dot diagram uses the symbol of an element and dots to represent the _____ in the outer energy level
electrons
which subatomic particle is the lightest out of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
electrons
the sum of the protons and neutrons is called the ____
Mass Number
The number of neutrons in an atom can be found by subtracting the _____ from the mass number
Atomic Number
How many unique Quarks are there?
Six
what is the place electrons are found called?
Electron Cloud
what is an element?
a pure substance made up of only one type of atom
What determines an elements identity?
The number of protons in its nucleus
What is the atomic number a measurement of?
The number of protons in an atom
What charge does an electron have?
Negative
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Mass number minus atomic number
If an atom is neutral, then its protons and neutrons are …
equal
In the periodic table, what are horizontal rows called?
Periods
In the periodic table, what are the vertical columns called?
Groups
How many periods are there on The periodic table?
7
How many groups are there on the periodic table?
18
If two elements are in the same group, it means what?
Similar chemical properties, similar number of valence electrons
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in an atoms, outermost energy level
Why are valence electrons important?
They determine how an element reacts chemically and what kind of bonds it will form with other elements
What is group 1 called?
Alkali Metals
What is group 2 called?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What is group 17 called?
Halogens
What is group 18 called?
Noble Gasses
where on the periodic table are metals mostly found?
Mostly on the left and center of the periodic table
Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?
Mostly on the upper right
Where are metalloids found on the periodic table?
The zigzag on the right side
What happens to atomic size as you go down the column in group?
Atoms get bigger
Generally speaking what happens to atomic size as you go left to right across a period
Atoms get bigger
How many elements are included in the modern periodic table?
118
Who developed the early periodic chart
Dimitri Mendeleev
elements with atomic numbers from 58 through 71 are part of the _____ series
Lanthanide
Diamonds and graphite are ____ of carbon
Isotopes
All of the elements in the boron group except boron are ____
metals
Halogens form _____ when combined with metals
Salts
The ______ do not naturally mix with other elements to form compounds
Noble gases
The _____ are the most reactive group of elements
alkali metals
Two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond is called what?
Diatomic Molecule
Elements in group 3 through group 12 of the periodic table are called…
Transition elements
Elements that have more than 92 protons the atomic number of uranium are called…
Transuranium elements
If something is able to be drawn into a wire it is…
Ductile
Forms of the same element that have different molecular structures are called…
Allotropes
Elements whose nucleus breaks down, giving off particles of energy overtime are called…
Radioactive elements
Alpha particles are composed of…
Two protons two neutrons
Alpha particles are least, middle, or most penetrating?
Least penetrating
Beta particles are composed of…
One electron
Gamma rays are…
Electromagnetic with no mass
Are gamma rays, the least, or most penetrating
Most penetrating
The process of splitting a nucleus into two nuclei with smaller masses is called…
Nuclear fission
This causes protons and neutrons to be attracted to each other
Strong force
A radio isotope used to find or track molecules in an organism
Tracer
A device that produces an electric current when radiation is present
Geiger counter
The release of matter and energy from nuclear decay
Radioactivity
The process of changing one element to another through a nuclear decay
Transmutation
Finding the age of an object by measuring parent and daughter isotopes
Radiometric dating
Combines two smaller nuclei to make a larger nucleus
Nuclear fusion
The properties of a compound are ___ than the properties of the elements it contains
Different
______ numbers in a chemical formula tells us how many atoms of each element are found in a unit or compound
Subscript
Oxidation numbers are written as _____
Superscripts
The charge on a compound is always _____
Neutral
An oxidation number tells how many ______ an atom must gain lose or share to become stable
Electrons
An atom is chemically stable when….
It’s outer energy level is completely filled with electrons
An atom that has lost or gained electrons is called…
An ion
The attraction that formed between atoms when they share electrons is known as a…
Covalent bond