Acids + Bases

Define Bronsted-Lowry acid

A compound which donates protons

Define Bronsted-Lowry base

A compound which accepts protons

What term is used to describe a substance that acts as both an acid and a base?

Amphoteric

What links molecules to form a conjugate base pair?

The presence and absence of a transferable hydrogen ion (proton)

What makes an acid monoprotic/monobasic?

It donates one proton

What makes an acid diprotic/dibasic?

It donates two protons

What does a low pH indicate about concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution?

A lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions ad a higher pH

What is the definition of pH?

-log[H⁺]

How do you calculate hydrogen ion concentrations from pH values?

10^-pH

What is the [H⁺] concentration equal to?

[OH^-] concentration

How can you calculate the pH of a substance using K_w and [H⁺]?

1. Square root the [H⁺]

2. Divide K_w by this value

How do you know if an acid in a reaction is a weak acid?

It only partially dissociates when dissolved in water, giving an equilibrium mixture and reaction equation.

What is the K_a equation?

[H⁺][A^-] / [HA]

What does K_a measure?

The strength of an acid in solution

How do you convert from K_a to pK_a?

pK_a = -logK_a

How do you convert from pK_a to K_a?

10^-pKa