Module 2 American Colonies: Regions, Labor, and Self-Government

What was Roanoke?

An early English attempt to establish a permanent colony in North America, known as the Lost Colony.

What year was Jamestown founded?

1607

What was significant about Jamestown?

It was the first permanent English settlement in North America.

Who helped Jamestown survive by organizing work and food supplies?

John Smith

What crop became profitable for Jamestown?

Tobacco

What was the Headright System?

A system that granted land to those who paid for their own or another person's passage to Virginia, encouraging immigration.

What was the House of Burgesses?

The first elected representative legislative assembly in English North America, established in 1619.

What was Bacon's Rebellion?

An uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia's governor, exposing tensions between wealthy leaders and poorer settlers.

What are indentured servants?

People who agreed to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies, food, and housing.

Who were the Pilgrims?

Separatists who wanted to completely separate from the Church of England and founded Plymouth Colony in 1620.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement to create a government and follow laws for the good of the colony, establishing self-government and majority rule.

Who was John Winthrop?

The Puritan leader and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for the idea of a 'city upon a hill.'

What did Roger Williams advocate for?

Religious freedom and the separation of church and government.

What was the significance of Anne Hutchinson?

She challenged Puritan religious leaders and was banished from Massachusetts for her beliefs.

What did the Puritans want?

To reform the Church of England rather than separate from it completely.

Who founded Pennsylvania?

William Penn

What are Quakers known for?

Emphasizing equality, peace, and individual relationships with God, often opposing violence and slavery.

What was Maryland founded for?

As a haven for English Catholics, with its Act of Toleration protecting certain Christian groups.

What was the purpose of Georgia's founding?

To serve as a buffer against Spanish Florida and as a place for debtors and other settlers.

What characterized the New England colonies?

Cold winters, rocky soil, and economies based on fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.

What characterized the Middle colonies?

Moderate climate, fertile soil, and economies based on grain farming and trade.

What characterized the Southern colonies?

Warm climate, long growing seasons, and economies based on plantations and cash crops.

What is mercantilism?

An economic system where colonies supplied raw materials to the mother country and purchased its manufactured goods.

What were the Navigation Acts?

English laws that controlled colonial trade to benefit England, requiring certain goods to be shipped through English-controlled routes.

What was the Glorious Revolution?

The overthrow of King James II and the rise of William and Mary, which strengthened Parliament's power.

Define Salutary Neglect.

A period when England loosely enforced colonial trade laws, allowing colonies to develop their own economies.

What is Colonial Self-Government?

When colonists made their own laws and decisions through elected assemblies and local governments.

What was the Triangular Trade?

A network of trade connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving manufactured goods, enslaved Africans, and colonial products.

What was the Middle Passage?

The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas, characterized by overcrowding and terrible conditions.

What does slavery refer to in the colonial context?

A system where people were treated as property and forced to work without freedom, increasingly tied to race.

What was the Plantation/Cash-Crop Economy?

An economic system where large farms grew crops primarily for profit, relying heavily on forced labor.

What was the Enlightenment?

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and natural rights, encouraging questioning of traditional authority.

Who was Benjamin Franklin?

An Enlightenment thinker and inventor who valued reason and education, helping to spread Enlightenment ideas in colonial America.

What was the Great Awakening?

A religious revival movement emphasizing personal faith and emotional preaching, challenging traditional church authority.

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

A major preacher during the Great Awakening known for his sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.'

What was the Stono Rebellion?

A major uprising of enslaved Africans in South Carolina in 1739, seeking freedom and leading to harsher restrictions on enslaved people.

Compare Jamestown and Plymouth.

Jamestown was founded in 1607 for economic profit, while Plymouth was founded in 1620 for religious freedom.

What were the Puritans known for?

Wanting to reform the Church of England and enforcing strict religious rules.

What did the Quakers emphasize?

Personal spiritual experience, equality, peace, and religious tolerance.

What is the significance of Salutary Neglect?

It allowed colonists to practice self-government, leading to increased tensions when England tried to enforce control.

What is the difference between indentured servants and enslaved laborers?

Indentured servants worked for a set period under contract, while enslaved laborers were forced to work for life without rights.

What was the role of the House of Burgesses?

Developed in Jamestown in 1619, it was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies.

What were the main crops grown in the Plantation Economy?

Tobacco, rice, and indigo.

How did slavery become racialized in the colonies?

Colonial slavery increasingly tied to race and hereditary status, with enslaved Africans treated as property.

What was the impact of the Great Awakening on colonial society?

It emphasized personal faith and challenged traditional religious authority, leading to greater religious diversity.

What was the significance of Benjamin Franklin in the Enlightenment?

He helped spread Enlightenment ideas and valued practical knowledge and education.