chapters 1 and 6 - foundations

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts of nursing fundamentals, scope of practice, health promotion, Maslow's hierarchy, levels of prevention, risk factors, stages of health behavioral change, and illness classifications.

Florence Nightingale

The Founder of Modern Nursing who emphasized sanitation, observation, statistics, and nursing education.

Clara Barton

Historical nursing figure whose legacy includes founding the American Red Cross.

Lillian Wald

Historical nursing figure recognized for pioneering Public Health Nursing.

Mary Mahoney

Historical nursing figure recognized for her legacy in promoting Diversity in Nursing.

Mary Breckinridge

Historical nursing figure recognized for establishing Rural Health Nursing.

Scope of Practice

Legally defined boundaries of what nurses can do, established by state law to protect patients and nurses.

Standards of Practice

Guidelines defining safe, competent care and professional expectations to promote accountability.

From Novice to Expert

The five-stage continuum of nursing professional development: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.

Compassion Fatigue

Emotional exhaustion resulting from caring for others.

Burnout

Chronic workplace stress that negatively affects a nurse's overall well-being.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being, rather than merely the absence of disease or illness.

Healthy People 2030

National health goals focused on health promotion, disease prevention, and health equity.

Social Determinants of Health

External conditions influencing health outcomes, categorized into Economic Stability, Education Access and Quality, Health Care Access and Quality, Neighborhood and Built Environment, and Social and Community Context.

Internal Factors (Health)

Personal elements influencing an individual's health, including age, beliefs, emotions, and spirituality.

External Factors (Health)

Outside elements influencing an individual's health, including family, culture, and environment.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A prioritized framework of human needs categorized from base to apex: Physiological Needs (ABCs, food, water, nutrition, elimination), Safety, Love & Belonging, Self-Esteem, and Self-Actualization.

Primary Prevention

Interventions aimed at preventing disease onset before it occurs, such as regular exercise and adherence to the DASH diet.

Secondary Prevention

Interventions focused on early detection and screening of disease, such as blood pressure screenings.

Tertiary Prevention

Interventions designed to reduce complications and manage long-term impacts of an established disease, such as stroke rehabilitation.

Nonmodifiable Risk Factors

Unchangeable health risk factors inherent to an individual, including age and genetics.

Modifiable Risk Factors

Health risk factors that can be altered or controlled, including smoking, diet, physical activity, and sleep.

Transtheoretical Model of Change

A behavioral framework detailing five sequential stages of change: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.

Precontemplation

The 'Not Ready' stage of change where the patient denies having a problem (e.g., 'I don't have a problem.').

Contemplation

The 'Thinking about it' stage of change where the patient recognizes a need for change but has not committed (e.g., 'Maybe I should change.').

Preparation

The 'Getting Ready' stage of change where the patient plans to take action in the near future (e.g., 'I'm planning to start.').

Action

The 'Doing it' stage of change where the patient actively modifies their behavior (e.g., 'I'm doing it.').

Maintenance

The 'Maintaining it' stage of change where the patient has successfully sustained behavioral change over extended time (e.g., 'I've been doing it for months.').

Acute Illness

A short-term illness with rapid onset and limited duration, such as pneumonia, appendicitis, or the flu.

Chronic Illness

A long-term disease requiring ongoing medical management over years, such as diabetes, heart failure, or COPD.