Ch. 13 Vocab

Exam 1 content (ch. 13)

Accessory Muscles

used in ventilation; include the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, trapezius, and the external intercostals

Adventitious

sounds normally not heard coming from the chest or abdomen

Anteroposterior (AP) Diameter

where the front to back dimension of the chest is smaller than its lateral dimension

1:2 normal

Asthma

a common, chronic condition involving narrowing of the bronchial airways

Auscultate

process of listening, usually with a stethoscope, to sounds produced by movement of gas or fluid exchange within the body

Asymmetry

an abnormal finding where the abnormal side of chest expands less and lags behind the normal side

Barrel Chest

rounded, bulging chest with abnormal increase in the anteroposterior diameter, showing little movement on respiration

Bradypnea

abnormally slow breathing rate

Breathing Effort

amount of difficulty or ease with which a patient breathes

Bronchial

relating to air passages to and from the lungs including the bronchi and bronchioles

Bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi

Bronchovesicular

relating to the bronchi and alveoli in the lungs, especially regarding lung sounds heard by auscultation

Chest Expansion

act of enlarging the chest as air is drawn into the lungs

Cough

audible, forceful release of air from the lungs to clear respiratory system of irritants and secretions

Crackles

short, sharp, or rough sounds heard with a stethoscope over the chest

Crepitus

crackling or popping sound that occurs as a result of tissues rubbing together abnormally

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration, especially of the skin and mucous membranes, due to excessive concentration of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood caused by deoxygenation

Expiration

act of exhaling or breathing out

Inspiration

act of inhaling or breathing in

Intensity

characteristics of breath sounds: loud, moderate or soft

Kussmauls

distressing, paroxysmal dyspnea affecting both inspiration and expiration, increased respiratory rate, increased depth of respiration, panting, and labored respiration; also known as air hunger

Occupational Hazards

include airborne contaminants such as biological contaminants, dusts, mists, fumes, and gases, or oxygen-deficient atmospheres

Orthopnea

difficulty in breathing that occurs when lying down and is relived upon changing to an upright position

Pectus Carinatum

occurs when abnormal cartilage growth causes the sternum to protrude from the chest; commonly called pigeon chest

Pectus Excavatum

anterior chest deformity characterized a depressed sternum; also called funnel chest

Pitch

how high or low the respiration sound

Pleural Friction Rub

an adventitious breath sound heard on auscultation of the lung

Pneumothorax

collection of air in the spaces around the lungs; also called lung collapse

Pursed Lip Breathing

technique that allows people to control their oxygenation and ventilation; requires a person to inspire through the nose and exhale through the mouth at a slow controlled flow

Respiratory/Ventilation Cycle

two phases of breathing: inspiration and expiration; a mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the chest cavity

Retraction

medical term for when the area between the ribs and in the neck sinks in when a person with asthma attempts to inhale

Rhonchi

rattling, continuous and low-pitched breath sounds that are often heard to be like snoring; also called low-pitched wheezes

Tachypnea

abnormally fast breathing rate

Tripod Position

sitting or standing leaning forward and supporting the upper body with hands on knees or on another surface

Shortness of Breath

an uncomfortable condition that makes it difficult to fully get air into the lungs; also known as dyspnea

Vesicular

sounds normally heard throughout inspiration, continue without pause through expiration, and then fade away about one third of the way through expiration

Wheezes

a high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing