Police Academy Exam 6 - (SOME) Controlled Substance Investigations, Vehicle Searches, passenger vehicle, Motor Vehicle Law, Accident Reporting (copy)

What is a Controlled Substance

• A drug, substance, or immediate precursor in Schedule 1 through 5 of code sections 16-13-25 through 16-13-29 and Schedule 1 through 5 of 21 C.F.R. Part 1308

What are the five major classifications of Controlled Substances

• Narcotics

• Stimulants

• Depressants (sedatives and hypnotic)

• Hallucinogens

• Marijuana (Cannabis)

What do Narcotics do

• Causes sleep

• Decreases pain, coughing, respiration, and blood pressure

• Creates confusion and euphoria

• Causes addiction, constipation, and decreased drive

What is Narcotics Addiction

Narcotic addiction is physiological state that exists when:

• Tolerance is developed, causing the need for increasing dosages

• Psychological dependence or habituation exits

• Physical dependence occurs

• Withdrawal occurs

What is Narcotics Abuse

• Physiological activity reduction

• Euphoria

• Lethargy

• Shallow respiration

• Pinpoint pupils

• Flushing or itching

What is a Stimulant

• Any drug that excited any bodily function, but more specifically those that stimulate the brain and central nervous system

What are the Physical Characteristics of Stimulants

• A feeling of superiority or well being, which can be discerned through interview or observation

• A belief that physical capability is higher, causing confrontation problems for the law enforcement officer

• Extreme paranoia

What are some Observable indicators of Stimulant abuse

• Overall increase of total body activity

• Very talkative

• Hypersensitivity

• Insomnia

• Increased physical strength

• Dilation of pupils

• Unusual perspiration

• Increased body temperature

What is a Depressant

• A substance that depresses the activity of the central nervous system

What is the Psychological Effects of Depressants

• A feeling of tranquility

• An observable outward depressed or sorrowful appearance

• Extreme anxiety

• Extreme fear reaction

What are the physical Characteristics

• Stagnant or acrid smelling breath

• Pupil constrictions or severe light reaction

• Lethargy\

• Overall depression

• Slow pulse

What is the Georgia Controlled Substance Act

• It is unlawful for any person to possess or have under his control, manufacture, deliver, distribute, dispense, administer, sell or possess with intent to distribute any controlled substance

What are schedule I - V

• Schedule I -

• Schedule II -

• Schedule III -

• Schedule IV -

• Schedule V -

What is Methamphetamine (Ice/Crystal)

• Powerfully addictive stimulant that has a high potential for abuse and dramatically affects the CNS

• Most commonly abused drug and is highly addictive

• Typically is a white odorless powder, but can be different colors

• Meth can be in crystal

• Can be Injected, snorted, smoked, or ingested

• Long term use can lead to addiction, psychotic behavior, and brain damage

• Withdraw systems include: Depression, anxiety, fatigue, aggression, and paranoia

What are DOs and DONTS of Methamphetamine Clandestine Labs

DO:

• Call Fire and Hazmat ASAP

• Keep all personnel out

• Photograph all evidence prior to removal

• Document date, time, and location

• Inventory the evidence

• Leave the clandestine labs to the experts

DONT:

• Enter a contaminated area

• Open any chemical containers, touch any liquids/substances, or smell/taste anything

What are Indicators of a potential lab site

• Vehicle: Chemical stains in the interior, chemical odors, lab equipment, electronic equipment, plastic containers

• Residents: Covered windows, exhaust fans, temporary power lines to out buildings, chemical containers in the trash, large amount of trash, surveillance cameras, pumping/vacuuming noises, waste water draining outside, high volume traffic to/from residence at night, lights on all night

• Motels: Usually cheaper extended stay motels, inordinate amount of time spent in the room, refusing/declining room or maid services, and people going outside to smoke

What is Fentanyl

• A schedule II prescription drug described as a potent synthetic opioid drug approved by the FDA as an analgesic and anesthetic

• Approximately 100 times more potent than morphine and approximately 50 times more potent than heroin

• Developed in 1959

Where does most Fentanyl come from

• China and Mexico

What are common street names for Fentanyl

• Apache

• China Girl

• China town

• Dance Fever

• Friend

• Goodfellas

• Great Bear

• He-Man

• Jackpot

• Murder 8

What are sighs of overdose of Fentanyl

• Small, constricted pupils

• Falling asleep or loss of consciousness

• Slow, Weak or no breathing

• Choking or gurgling sign

• limp body

• cold, clammy, discolored skin

What should all be in a PPE kit for handling Fentanyl

• Nitrile gloves

• N-95 dust masks

• Eye protection

• Paper coveralls

• Naxalone Injectors

What is Naxalone/Narcan

• A life saving medication that can reverse an overdose from opioids including fentanyl, heroin, and prescription opioids

• Given as a nasal spray or injected into the muscle

What is Heroin

• Schedule I substance, considered one of the most powerful narcotic opiates

• Processed from Morphine, is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants

• Comes in a variety of forms, primarily white powder from Mexico and South America, and “Black Tar” and brown powder from Mexico

• Can be Injected, smoked, or inhaled

What are the consequences of Heroin use

• Addiction

• Collapsed veins

• Infection of the heart lining and valves

• Liver disease

• Various types of pneumonia

• Depression of the CNS

• Cloudy mental functioning

• Respiratory failure

What is Oxycontin/Oxycodone

• Semi synthethic narotic analgesic

• is a legal time released pain medication and has historically been a popular drug of abuse

• Common street names: Hillbilly Heroin, Kicker, OC, Roxy, Perc

What is MDMA/Ecstasy

• Acts both as a stimulant and a psychedelic

• Considered a party drug, and is generally distributed in tablet form

• Can be combined with other drugs such as: Meth, Ketamine, Fentanyl, Cocaine, Cathinones, and Caffeine

What is Marijuana

• Mind altering drug, produced by cannabis sativa plant

• Grown in US, Canada, Mexico, South America, Caribbean, Africa, and Asia

What is Medical Marijuana (OCGA 16-12-191)

• Georgia’s New Medical marijuana law allows certain qualified persons to legally possess up to 20 FlOz of “Low THC Oil” containing no more than 5% THC

• Allows Georgia to issue “Georgia Low THC Oil Registry Card”

Who can apply for the Georgia Low THC Oil Registry Card

• An adult who has one or more of the diseases specified in the law

• Legal guardians of an adult who has one or more of the diseases specified in the law

• Parents or legal guardians of a minor child who has one or more of the diseases specified in the new law

A doctor’s certification is required

What is LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

• Potent hallucinogen with no currently acceptable medical use in the United States

• Generally produced in clandestine labs

• Comes in crystal form that is converted to a liquid

What is Cocaine

• Intense, euphoria producing stimulant with a strong addictive potential

What is Ketamine

Dissociative anesthetic, available in a clear liquid or an off white powder

What are Benzodiaepines

• Depressants that produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures

What are Steroids

• Synthetically produced variants of the naturally occurring male hormone, testosterone

What are VGCSA investigations

• Covert investigations are generally assigned to specialized units, however, uniformed patrol officers may often assist covert investigations

• Generally involve the purchase of controlled substances by an undercover agent or informant to substantiate probable cause for an arrest and/or a search warrant

Traffic stops are the basis for what

Criminal Patrol

What is a commercial Vehicle

Any self propelled or towed motor vehicle used on a highway in intrastate and interstate commerce to transport passengers or property when the vehicle:

• Has a gross weight or combination weight of 10,001 LBS

• Is designed to transport more than eight passengers for compensation

• Designed to transport more than 15 passengers without compensation

What was Delaware V. Prouse

• Officer conducted a random vehicle stop to check DR and discovered weed in the vehicle

What is a Pretextual Stop

• An officer stops a driver for a traffic violation in order to investigate a hunch that the driver is engaged in illegal activity

What is Whren v. United states

• Regardless of the subjective intent to the officer, if the defendant committed an offense for which he can be arrested, the evidence seized as a result is admissible

• Police can seize evidence within a vehicle even after an arrest for a mere traffic violation regardless of whether there was an ulterior motive in making the traffic stop

What was Rodriguez v. United States

• Police stopped Rodriguez for a traffic violation, the officer issued a written warning and completed all tasks related to the stop

• The officer then continued to detain Rodriguez after the conclusion of the stop to allow a K9 to sniff for drugs

• The officer did not have ARS or consent to search the vehicle

• The court held that extending a traffic stop beyond the time reasonably required to complete its mission violates the 4th Amendment

• However, if the officer develops reasonable suspicion of additional criminal activity during the course of the stop then the stop may be extended

What court case allows officer to ask people out of their vehicle

Pennsylvania v. Mimms

What court case extended mimms to passangers

What is Brendlin v. California

What was Arizona v. Johnson

What are some pre search concerns

• Officer safety

-Our goal, not justification

-Be aware of occupants

-Be aware of other vehicle traffic

-Be aware of protection vehicles

• Backup units

-Required if conducting any search

-Never ever search a vehicle alone

What are the different types of possession

Actual Possession

• Direct physical control at a given time

Constructive Possession

• Knowingly has both the power and intention at a given time to exercise dominion or control

What are the nine ways the search a vehicle

• Valid consent

• Automobile exception to the fourth amendment

• Impound inventory of vehicle

• Search incident to arrest

• search warrant

• Vehicle frisk (search for weapons)

• Search of abandoned vehicle

• Probation search (4th Amendment wavier)

• Border search

What was Arizona v. Gant

• Gant was arrested for a suspended license, handcuffed, and placed under arrest, and his vehicle was searched and the search discovered drugs and a firearm. The court determined that the search was invalid because there was no justification to search the vehicle

What did Michigan v. Long do

• Police may conduct a limited search of a vehicle for weapons

What was Bell v. State

What was State v. Jones

What are Hidden compartments (Traps)

• Aftermarket hidden compartments

• Constructed in specialty shops, auto body shops

Traffic violations are mostly what

Misdemeanors

What is a Bus

Vehicle designed for carrying more than 10 passengers and used for the transportation of persons and every motor vehicle, other than a taxicab, designed and used for the transportation of persons for compensation

What is a commercial Vehicle

Any self propelled or towed motor vehicle used on a highway in intrastate and interstate commerce to transport passengers or property when the vehicle:

• Has a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,001 lbs

• Designed to transport more than 8 passengers including driver for compensation

• Designed to transport more than 15 passengers including the driver for no compensation

What is a Controlled Access Highway

• Every highway, street, or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access to or from the same except only at such points

What is a crosswalk

• Any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface

• That part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or in the absences of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway

What is a highway

• Entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel

What is a Street

• entire width between boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel

What is a roadway

• Portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the berm or sholder

What is a Divided Highway

• A highway divided into two or more roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or by a clearly indicated dividing section so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic

What is a Driver/Operator

• Driver - means every person who drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle

• Operator - means any person who drives or is in actual physical control of a motor vehicle or who causes a fully autonomous vehicle to move or travel with the automated driving system engaged

What is Gross weight

The weight of a vehicle without load plus the weight of any load thereon

What is an intersection

• Area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or, if none, the the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways which join one another at right angles, or the area within which vehicls traveling upon different highways joining at any other angle may come in contact

What is a laned roadway

A roadway which is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic

What is a Moped

• Motor driven vehicle equipped with two or three wheels, with or without foot pedals to permit muscular propulsion, and an independent power source providing a maximum of two brake horsepower

• A piston or rotor displacement of no more than 50 cubic centimeters

• Does not exceed 30 miles an hour

What is a Motorcycle

• Motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the rider

• More than three wheels

• Excluding a tractor, all terrain vehicle, and moped

What is a Personal transportation vehicle “PTV”

• Motor vehicle having no fewer than three wheels

• unlanded weight of 1,300 lbs or less

• No more than 20 miles per hour

What is Motor vehicle

• Self propelled other than a personal delivery device, electric bicycle, or EPAMD

What is a Vehicle

Every device in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, excepting devices used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks

What is a nonresident

Every person who is not a resident of this state

What is an Official traffic control devices

All signs, signals, markings, and devices not inconsistent with this title which are placed or erected by authority of a public body or official having jurisdiction for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding traffic

What is the Owner

A person, other than a lienholder or security interest holder, having the property in or title to a vehicle. The term includes a person entitled to the use and possession of a vehicle subject to a security interest in or lien by another person but excludes a lessee under a lease not intended as security except as otherwise specifically provided in this title

What is a passenger car

Every motor vehicle, except all terrain vehicles, motorcycles, motor driven cycles, multipurpose off highway vehicles, personal transportation devices, and low speed vehicles, designed for carrying ten passengers or less and used for the transportation of persons

What is Park(Parking)

The standing of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, otherwise than temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading property or passengers

What is a Pedstrian

Any person afoot

What is a private road or driveway

Every way or place in private ownership and used for vehicular traffic by the owner and those having express or implied permission from the owner, but not by other persons

What is a railroad

A carrier of persons or property upon cars operated upon stationary rails

What is a railroad sign

Any sign, signal, or device erected by authority of a public body or official or by a railroad and intended to give notice of the presence of railroad tracks or the approach of a railroad train

What is right of way

The right of one vehicle or pedestrian to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to another vehicle or pedestrian approaching under such circumstances of direction, speed, and proximity as to give rise to danger of collision unless one grants precedence to the other

What is a school bus

Motor vehicle operated for the transportation of school children to and from school or school activities or for the transportation of children to and from church or church activities

What is Stop or stopping

complete cessation from movement

What is Traffic

Pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, and other conveyances either singly or together while using any highway for purposes of travel

What is traffic control signal

any device, whether manually, electrically, or mechanically operated, by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed

What is a resident

Person who lives in Georgia for more than 30 days at a time

What is “Covering license plate

Any person who willfully covers any license plate with plastic, other material, or any part of his or her body in order to prevent or impede the ability of surveillance equipment to clearly photograph or otherwise obtain a clear image of the license plate

What is “Operating a Motor vehicle without Registration or Valid License Plate”

Anyone living in the state of Georgia without registration their vehicle or DL within 30 days and driving said vehicle on roadways

What is “Operating a motor vehicle without the Required Revalidation Decal Affixed to License Plate”

A person operates a vehicle without having the required revalidation decal affixed upon the plate

What is “Registration and Licensing of Motor Vehicles; Exceptions”

• Any motor vehicle or trailer owned by the state or any municipality or other political subdivision of this state and used exclusively for governmental functions

• Any tractor or three wheeled motorcycle used only for agricultural purposes

• Any trailer which has no springs

• Any motorized cart

• Any moped

What is “Display of License Plates”

Every vehicle required to be registered under this chapter, which is in use on highways, shall at all times display the license plate issued to the owner for such vehicle, and the plate shall be fastened to the rear of the vehicle in a position so as not to swing and shall be at all times plainly visible

How many days can a non resident and a visitor drive in GA till they need registration of their vehicle

Non resident - 30 days

Visitor - 90 days

If you are a non resident or visitor but you follow the law, do you have to register your vehicle

No

What is “Cancellation of Driver’s License”

The annulment or termination by formal action of the department of a person’s license because of some error or defect in the license or because the licensee is no longer entitled to such license

What is “Revocation/Suspension of Driver’s License”

• Revocation - the termination by formal action of the department of a person’s license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the public highways, which license shall not be subject to renewal or restoration, except that an application for a new license may be presented and acted upon by the department after the expiration of the applicable period of time prescribed in this chapter

• Suspension - The temporary withdraw by formal action of the department of a person’s license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the public highways, which temporary withdrawal shall be for a period of specified time

What is “Drivers must be Licensed; Prior Licenses Surrendered; Local Licenses Forbidden”

No person, except those expressly exempted in this chapter or in Chapter 6 of this title, shall drive any motor vehicle upon a highway in this state unless such person has a valid driver’s license under this chapter for the type or class of vehicle being driven

What is “Persons Exempt from licensing requirement; Exemptions for nonresidents”

• Military personal and foreign political individuals do not need a license, a person’s passport or visa will verify the validity

• Active duty personal who has a license out of state, as well as his wife or kids, can legally drive without a Georgia license

• Driving farm equipment for farming purposes

• Someone who is attempting to get their Driver License

• Any migrant farm worker who is in the state less than 90 days

• Someone who is 15 years of age or older training driving

• Operating a motorized cart

• If someone is at least 16 years of age and has in their immediate possession a valid license issued to him or her in their home state or country

What are “Persons Not to be Licensed”

• Class C - the department shall not issue any class C drivers license to any person who is under the age of 18

• Class M - under 17 years old

• Class P - Under 15 years old

• Class D - 16 years old

• Class E or F (EP or FP) - under 18 years old

• Class A or B (AP or BP) - under 18 years old

What is “Classes of Licenses (Class C)”

The noncommercial classes of motor vehicles for which operators may be licensed shall be as follows:

• Most common class of drivers license

What is “Class D License Restrictions”

Can drive all Class C vehicles accept:

• Class D license holder shall not drive a class C motor vehicle on the roadways between 12 midnight and 5 AM

• Cant drive non family members that are less than 21 years old

• Six months after issuance of Class D, shall drive