Health and Safety

Land Based Service Engineering Level 2 - Health and Saftey in the workplace including risk assessments.

HSE

Health and Safety Executive

HASAWA

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the UK.

Duties covered by the HASAWA

Employers have towards employees and members of the public

Employees have to themselves and to each other

Certain self-employed have towards themselves and others

Legislation

Acts are law and need to be passed parliament in order to be changed

Regulations

These are the specific criteria (guidance) of the law and can be changed an/or added to to meet the requirements of industry by their respected cabinet office e.g. Health and Safety Executive

Regulations align with

Industry best practice

Actions Required by an employer as a result of the HASAWA (10)

1. Identify how you could be harmed in the workplace and the precautions to prevent it (risk assessments)

2. Understand, explain and how risks will be controlled and who is responsible

3. Consult and work with you to ensure everyone is protected in the workplace

4. Provide you with adequate training free of charge

5. Provide you with adequate protective clothing and equipment free of charge

6. Provide toilets, washing facilities and drinking water

7. Provide adequate first aid facilities

8. Report major injuries or fatalities at work

9. Report other injuries, diseases and dangerous incidents (near miss)

10. Have insurance covering employees in case they become injured or ill at work

Actions required by an employee as a result of the HASAWA (4)

1. Follow employer policy and employer training you have received

2. Take responsibility of your own and others health and safety

3. Co-operate with your employer on health and safety

4. Communicate (with your employer or HSE) if you think precautions are inadequate or someone is being put at risk

Key regulations under the HASAWA (9)

1. COSHH

2. EPA

3. PPE

4. RIDDOR

5. PUWER

6. MHOR

7. LOLER

8. Working in Confined Spaces 1997

9. WAHR

COSHH

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002

The law that requires employers to control substances hazardous to health

What an employer must do as a result of COSHH (8)

1. Find substances hazardous to health

2. Deciding how to prevent harm to health

3. Providing control measures to reduce harm to health

4. Making sure control measures are used

5. Keeping control measures in working order

6. Providing employees with information, instruction and training

7. Providing health monitoring and surveillance in some cases

8. Planning for emergencies

COSHH covers

All substances in the workplace e.g. hand soap, paint, oil, etc…

Every substance has

A data sheet for the product which includes information about spills, emergencies (e.g. Ingestion) and required PPE

Hazardous liquids should be

Stored in COSHH cupboards. These should be locked and clearly marked with signs and ideally bunded

EPA

Environmental Protection Act 1990

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment 2022

Personal Protective Equipment 2022

Every employer shall ensure that suitable personal protective equipment is

provided to his employees who may be exposed to a risk to their health or safety while

at work except where and to the extent that such risk has been adequately controlled by

other means which are equally or more effective

Examples of PPE (9)

1. Safety Helmets

2. Gloves

3. Eye Protection

4. Hearing Protection

5. Safety Footwear

6. Overalls

7. High Visibility Clothing

8. Harnesses

9. Respirators or masks

Reasons PPE may be required (5)

1. Falling materials

2. Flying particles or hazardous liquid splashes

3. Skin contact of hazardous substances

4. Excessive noise

5. Extreme temperature (hot or cold)

Actions of employers as a result of PPE (6)

1. PPE is provided free of charge to the employees if the risk assessment deems it to be necessary

2. PPE is properly assessed before it is used to ensure that it is fit for purpose

3. PPE is maintained and stored properly

4. PPE is provided with instructions on how to safely use

5. PPE is used correctly by workers

6. Employees have sufficient information and training for PPE use

Actions of employees as a result of PPE (2)

1. Using PPE correctly is the employees responsibility

2. Cleaning and correct storage of your PPE is your responsibility

RIDDOR

Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 2013

Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 2013

Contains two types of incidents which are recordable and reportable

Recordable Incidents

Minor incidents like minor injuries also including near misses

Recordable Incidents should be

Recorded in the company accident book

Reportable Incidents

Major incidents (major injuries, death or over-seven-day absence as a result of work)

Reportable Incidents should be

Recorded in the company accident book and reported to HSE

Major Injuries under RIDDOR (9)

1. Fracture (Other than digits)

2. Dislocation of shoulder, hip, knee or spine

3. Loss of sight (temporary or permanent)

4. Chemical or hot metal burn to eye or penetrating injury to the eye

5. Electric shock injuries that leave you unconscious, requiring resuscitation or a hospital stay longer than 24 hours

6. Injuries that lead to hypothermia, heat induced illness that leave you unconscious, requiring resuscitation or a hospital stay longer than 24 hours

7. Unconsciousness caused by asphyxia or exposure to harmful biological agents

8. Acute illness requiring medical treatment or loss of consciousness arising from absorption of an substance by ingestion, inhalation or through skin

9. Acute illness requiring medical treatment or loss where it is believed to resulted after exposure to biological agent, toxins or infected materials

PUWER

Provision and Use of Work Equipment 1998

Actions required as a result of PUWER (5)

1. Equipment is suitable for intended use

2. Equipment is safe for use (including appropriate maintenance)

3. Equipment is inspected to ensure it remains safe

4. Equipment is only to be used by people who have adequate information, instruction and training

5. Equipment is accompanied by suitable safety measures, e.g. protective devices, marking and warnings.

PUWER Covers

All equipment like hand tools (spanners, etc…), power tools (angle grinder, etc…), workshop equipment (axle stands, etc…), ….

MHOR

Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

Manual Handling

This is transporting or supporting a load by hand or bodily. This includes lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling or carrying a load

Actions of employers as a result of Manual Handling Operation Regulation 1992

1. Avoid hazardous manual handling operations, ‘so far as

   reasonably practicable

2. Assess the risk of injury to workers from any hazardous

   manual handling that can’t be avoided

3. Reduce the risk of injury to workers from hazardous manual

   handling to as low as reasonably practicable

How to reduce risks when manual handling

Use correct lifting technique, only lift to capacity and lift objects square on

Correct manual handling technique

Keep a straight back at all times and bend at the knees with a stable base straight on. Make sure you have a good grip of the object and remain square and do not twist (turn by moving feet)

LOLER

Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998

Actions as a result of LOLER (4)

1. Equipment strong and stable enough for the particular use and marked to indicate safe working loads

2. Equipment positioned and installed to minimise any risks

3. Equipment used safely e.g. the work planned, organised and performed by competent people

4. Equipment subject to ongoing thorough examination and where appropriate, inspection by competent people

Lifting Equipment

Equipment used for lifting and lowering loads

Examples of Lifting Equipment (4)

1. Jacks (bottle and trolley)

2. Telehandlers

3. Front end loaders

4. Cranes

Lifting equipment is required

To be inspected every 12 months

Examples of Lifting Attachments (4)

1. Chain

2. Sling

3. Shackle

4. Loader Attachments

Lifting Attachments

Accessories used to attach loads to lifting equipment

Lifting equipment and attachments should be

Labelled to indicate it is safe to use and safe lifting capacity

All Lifting Equipment and Attachments have a

Working Load Limit (WLL) otherwise known as the Safe Working Load Limit (SWLL)

Items not covered by LOLER (2)

1. 3-point linkage

2. Axle stands

Chains

These are commonly found in the form of brothers with between 2 and 4 legs. Brothers have a master link, grab hooks and lifting hooks.

Areas of chains for quick checks (6)

1. Signs of stretching

2. Cracks/Damage

3. Wear

4. Safety Latch Operation

5. Throat of Hook

6. Presence of a Label

Slings

These are fabric straps for lifting that come in web or round form

How to Identify the Lifting Capacity of a Sling (3)

1. Colour

2. Stitching (1 Black Stitch = 1 Tonne)

3. Tag/Label

Areas of slings for quick checks (5)

1. Signs of stretching

2. Cracks/Damage

3. Wear

4. Loop Condition

5. Presence of a Label

Slings are

Prone to damage

Shackles

These are connecting devices that are used to attach a load to lifting equipment. They come in two common forms Dee and Bow

Chains, Slings and Shackles Should Be (5)

1. In a designated area

2. Hanging up

3. In a clean area

4. Kept as clean as possible

5. Checked for damage before use

WAHR

Working at Height Regulations 2005

Working at height

Working in any place where, if there were no precautions in place, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury

Working at height involves

Working below or above ground level. It could be working at heights like roofs or working over an opening like a hole

Falls from height account for

The majority of workplace fatalities (36%)

When working at heights you must ensure

The work is planned, supervised and carried out by a competent people using appropriate equipment

Control measures for working at heights (9)

1. Avoid working at height - complete the task at ground level if possible

2. Conduct a risk assessment - Allows hazards to be identified and take necessary precautions

3. Install fall prevention mechanisms e.g. guards or barriers

4. Fall arrest systems should be used where possible

5. Use access equipment

6. Only use ladders when absolutely necessary and for as short a distance as possible

7. Only use fixed access points

8. Ensure employees are trained and certified to ensure they are safe to work at heights

9. Use appropriate equipment and conduct inspections to ensure that it is suitable for the task at hand

Access Equipment

Equipment used to access raised areas or work at height

Examples of access equipment (4)

1. Scaffolding (access) platform

2. Ladders

3. Step ladders

4. MEWP (Mobile Elevating Work Platform)

Emergency Plan

Procedures that are in place by the employer should an emergency occur at a height

Harness

A device which you wear to attach to an access platform and in combination with a fall arrest or fall restraint break or prevent a fall

A harness should always

Be checked before every use

Areas to check on a harness (7)

1. Webbing - Tears, wear or abrasions

2. Buckles - No sharp edges or corrosion

3. Attachment links - Deformation or cracks

4. Fitting - Use fitting instructions and check with a competent person

5. Traceability - Safety labels and whether it has passed inspection

6. Stitching - Ensure it is not frayed, damaged or incomplete

7. Web tidies - Ensure they are present

Fall arrest

These are not designed to prevent a fall but they are designed to safely stop a falling worker and prevent them from hitting the ground

Fall restraint

These ensure workers cannot reach a fall hazard in the first place by limiting how far they can move through a lanyard

Hazard

The thing that exists that exposes the risk(s) e.g. A guard-less rotating PTO Shaft

Risk

The consequence that happens as a result of the hazard e.g. losing an arm as a result of being pulled into the guard-less rotating PTO

Risk Assessments

Documents that are created to assess the potential hazards of carrying out a particular task and the risks that you could be exposed to and how to reduce those risks through control measures

Why risk assess?

To identify potential hazards and the likeliness of an injury occurring as a result. This means relevant control measures can be put into place to make the job safe to carry out.

What is a control measure?

A control measure is something we put in place in order to reduce the likelihood of an accident occurring e.g. PTO guards to cover the rotating PTO

Hierarchy of Risk Control (1. Most Effective)

1. Elimination

2. Substitution

3. Engineering Control

4. Administrative Control

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Elimination Control

Physically remove the hazard e.g. round off a edge after cutting

Substitution Control

Replace the hazard e.g. change chemical type which is safer to handle

Engineering Control

Isolate people from the hazard e.g. place a barrier around a walkway to ensure it remains clear

Administrative Control

Change the way people work e.g. inspecting trolley jacks to ensure they are safe and will not drop

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment e.g. safety glasses when grinding

Risk Assessment Matrix Image

Risk Assessment Matrix

Risk Assessment Matrix rating between 1 and 7

Low risk

Risk Assessment Matrix rating between 8 and 12

Medium risk

Risk Assessment Matrix rating between 13 and 25

High risk

Why use a risk assessment matrix?

Allows us to identify the severity of the hazards at hand and how much introducing control measures reduces that risk