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Kefauver Hearings

A series of hearings conducted by the United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce from 1950-1951, focusing on organized crime.

J hoover

Former FBI head who denied the existence of organized crime syndicates like the mafia.

Apalachin Meeting

A 1957 summit of mafia leaders that highlighted the existence of organized crime and led to law enforcement intervention.

Valachi Hearings

Testimonies in 1963 by Joseph Valachi that exposed the inner workings of the mafia and popularized the term "La Cosa Nostra."

RICO

The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, passed in 1970, allowing for the prosecution of individuals involved in organized crime.

WITSEC

Witness Protection Program, designed to protect individuals who testify against organized crime figures. ACTUALLY MEANS WITNESS SECURITY

Henry Hill

A gangster who became a government witness, providing crucial testimony against organized crime, particularly the Lucchese crime family.

Hobbs Act

A 1946 federal law aimed at combating organized crime by making it illegal to obstruct interstate commerce.

Money Laundering

The process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money, involving three stages:placement, layering, and integration.

Outlaw Biker Gangs

Organized crime groups in the U.S. that often engage in various illegal activities, including drug trafficking and violence.

One Percenters

A term used to describe outlaw motorcycle clubs that represent the minority of bikers who engage in criminal activities.

Chapter Structure

The hierarchy within outlaw biker gangs, typically including positions like President, Vice-President, and Sergeant-at-Arms.

Aggravating Circumstances

Factors that increase the severity of a crime and may lead to harsher punishments.

Mitigating Circumstances

Factors that may lessen the severity of a crime and result in lighter punishments.

Deterrence

A goal of punishment aimed at discouraging criminal behavior through the threat of consequences.

Albert Anastasia death

over 100 mafia member attended a meeting of who would take over the business

Placement

the illegal proceeds are placed into the financial system unnoticed or transported outside the U.S.

Layering

the funds go through a series of financial transactions in such frequency, volume, and complexity that they are difficult to trace and appear to be legitimate financial transactions.

Interegation

1. the funds are integrated into the economy in such a way that they appear to be derived from legitimate income. This is also the stage where they distinguish illicit from licit (i.e., legal) funds

Biker jackets

often called “3 piece”

Chapter President

often self-appointed or founder of that chapter

Vice President

(chosen by members of that chapter)

Treasurer/ Secretary

responsible for money,meeting schedules, collecting club dues

Sergeant-At-Arms

(report directly to Chapter President, acts as security and enforcer)

Road Captain

chief of security for runs,maps out the runs, carries money run and maps out fuel/food stops

Honorary/Associate Members

(Those who are valuable to the club such as attorneys,bail bondsmen,and motorcycle chop owners and those who hold other value to the club.

Local Philadelphia outlaw biker gang

established in mid 1960s

former leader of the Warlocks

Robert ”Mudman” Simon was one of their former leaders

Mudmans death sentence

• Given death sentence for murdering a Franklin Township police

• officer, Ippolito “Lee” Gonzalez following a traffic stop in 1995.

death of mudman

• Killed in prison by fellow death row inmate, Ambrose Harris, in 1999.

Big 4s

One of the “Big 4” of OBGS (Hells Angels, Pagans, Outlaw, and Bandidos)

Pagans

• Formed in 1959 in Prince George Country, Maryland by Lou Dobkin.

first pagan president

John marron

pagans weekly meetings where called

church

current president of the pagans

Current President is no longer Christopher Baker following the 2023 arrest and subsequent 900 month sentence, reports show the current leader is Bob Francis

Freddy Augello guilty of

• In the several couple years, Freddy Augello, a former Pagan Chapter President was found guilty of murder of April Kauffman, as part of a drug running scheme.