5) IP Addressing

Flashcards covering IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, classes, subnetting concepts, and specialized address types for the CompTIA Network+ N10-009 exam.

IPv4

The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, using a $32$-bit address scheme to provide approximately $4.3 \times 10^9$ unique addresses.

Class A Public IP Range

$1.0.0.0$ - $126.255.255.255$

Class B Public IP Range

$128.0.0.0$ - $191.255.255.255$

Class C Public IP Range

$192.0.0.0$ - $223.255.255.255$

Class A Private IP Range

$10.0.0.0$ - $10.255.255.255$

Class B Private IP Range

$172.16.0.0$ - $172.31.255.255$

Class C Private IP Range

$192.168.0.0$ - $192.168.255.255$

Automatic Private IP Address (APIPA)

A feature of Windows that automatically assigns a unique IP address from the range $169.254.0.1$ to $169.254.255.254$ when a host fails to obtain an address from a DHCP server.

IPv4 Multicast Address

Addresses ranging from $224.0.0.0$ to $224.255.255.255$, providing service-based group messaging or one-to-many communications.

Layer 3 Broadcast Address

$$255.255.255.255$$

Layer 2 Broadcast Address

$$FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF$$

IPv4 Loopback Address

$127.0.0.0$ - $127.255.255.255$; allows a host to communicate with itself for testing a network interface.

IPv4 Subnetting

The practice of dividing a network into two or more smaller network segments to improve efficiency, security, and management.

VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Mask)

A method within Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) that allows subnets to have different sizes based on specific needs.

Classful Networking

An early IP allocation method that divided address space into fixed length groups known as Classes A, B, C, D, and E.

CIDR Notation

A method for specifying IP addresses and routing prefixes using a slash followed by a number (e.g., $/24$) to indicate the network portion bits.

IPv6

The most recent version of the Internet Protocol using $128$-bit addresses, providing approximately $3.4 \times 10^{38}$ unique addresses.

Anycast

An IPv6 communication type that replaces broadcast and provides one-to-nearest communications.

Interface-ID

The final $64$-bits of an IPv6 address that identifies a specific host.

IPv6 Double Colon ("::")

A shortened expression for fields of all zeros in an IPv6 address; it can only appear once in an address.

IPv6 Multicast Address

$$FF00/8$$

IPv6 Loopback Address

$$::1$$

Unspecified IPv6 Address

$::$; identified as a default route in a routing table or 'any' IP address in a filter list.