AP 1 Lab

Integumentary System

Major organs include skin, hair, and nails; functions to enclose internal body structures, detect sensory information, and form a physical barrier.

Skeletal System

Major organs include bones, cartilage, and joints; supports the body, enables movement, and protects internal organs.

Muscular System

Major organs include skeletal muscles and tendons; enables body movement and helps maintain body temperature.

Nervous System

Major organs include brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves; detects and processes sensory information and activates bodily responses.

Endocrine System

Major organs include pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and testes/ovaries; secretes hormones to regulate bodily processes.

Cardiovascular System

Major organs include heart and blood vessels; delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues and equalizes body temperature.

Lymphatic System

Major organs include spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels; returns fluid to blood and defends the body against pathogens.

Respiratory System

Major organs include nasal passage, trachea, and lungs; removes carbon dioxide from the body and delivers oxygen to the blood.

Digestive System

Major organs include mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine; processes food for use and removes wastes.

Urinary System

Major organs include kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder; controls water balance, filters wastes from the blood, and excretes them.

Male & Female Reproductive Systems

Major organs include testes and epididymis in males; ovaries, uterus, and mammary glands in females; produces sex hormones and supports embryo/fetus.

Nucleus

Largest structure and control center of the cell; stores genetic instructions for manufacturing proteins.

Plasma Membrane

Double layer of phospholipids that is selectively permeable and forms the outer boundary of the cell.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Network of channels studded with ribosomes; synthesizes and modifies proteins for cell membrane or export.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Network of channels lacking ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and detoxification.

Ribosomes

Composed of rRNA subunits; serves as the site of protein synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

Responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping products arriving from the Rough ER.

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes that break down unneeded cellular components.

Mitochondria

Membranous organelle that converts nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP.

Peroxisomes

Membrane-bound organelles specialized for lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification.

Cytoskeleton

Network of fibrous proteins that maintains cell shape and aids in transport within the cell.

Centrioles

Paired microtubule structures that assist in separating DNA during cell division.