The Human Environment

Urbanisation

The growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities, caused by rural-to-urban migration and natural increase.

Rural-to-Urban Migration

The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, often for jobs, education, and healthcare.

Birmingham

The UK’s second-largest city, known for its regeneration driven by service sector jobs and cultural investments.

Big City Plan

A regeneration project in Birmingham aimed at creating more housing, jobs, and green space.

Mexico City

One of the world’s largest megacities, facing challenges like informal settlements, traffic congestion, and pollution.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators used to rank countries.

Development Gap

The disparity between rich and poor countries, caused by global trade systems, exploitation, and historical inequalities.

Globalisation

The process by which businesses develop international influence, often linked to rapid economic growth.

Food Insecurity

A situation caused by factors like population growth and climate change, leading to malnutrition and reliance on food aid.

Water Insecurity

A condition characterized by pollution, overuse, and unequal access to water, potentially leading to conflict.

Energy Insecurity

The rising global energy demands in the context of finite fossil fuels and the uneven adoption of renewable energy.

Wakel River Basin

A semi-arid area in Rajasthan, India, where a water supply scheme increased security and sustainability through community projects.

Sustainable Urban Development

Urban development that meets current needs without compromising future generations, through strategies such as green transport and energy-efficient housing.

Informal Settlements

Housing areas that have developed without formal approval, often lacking basic services.

Transport Congestion

A common issue in megacities, where the high volume of vehicles leads to crowded roads and increased pollution.

Community-led Development

Development initiatives driven by local communities to address their unique challenges and improve resource security.