pre-columbian civilisations and early spanish colonisation.

what was the indigenous language called and give me information about it

• Nahua lanaguge

• Many indegenous spoke this language

• It was the language spoken by the aztecs in mexico

• Today remains most spoken language in mexico

• The language has contributed to the spanish langauge including english for example chocolate, guacaemole, tomate

• These words have survived through the native speakers

what does malinchismo mean?

• Refers to someone who prefers forgeing things over things from their own cultures

• Coems from the word which is a nickname from malinche (slave)

• The nickname came from the ingineous people that named her that

• She played an important role

• Sh ehad been by a child enslaved

• She there learnt the maya language

who was Doña Marina?

• She was born in central Mexico and was Maya slave

• She played an important role in the defeat of the aztecs

• She was enslaved by a mayan community, learned mayan language

• crucial role in Spanish - indigenous interactions

• she was an interpreter. Fluent in maya and Nahua and learned Spanish

• she was given to Cortes

• Cortez was able to communicate with people from central america-> She was an interpretor for cortez between him and the nahua rulers

• her nickname was malinche

• Dona → a name you could only apply to a member of the nobility

• she had a son with Cortes and later married another conquistador

who is Cortes?

• he defeated empires of tens of thousands of people

what does malinche mean?

a nickname from malinche (slave)

• The word 'malinche' refers to both cortez and her- her name is attached to boh of them

• She had a controversial relationship with cortez

explain the Spanish conquest

• Hisotrians look at how the samll spanish groups (the empires) collapsed

• They tried to expalin they were fragile and unhappy

• Indigenous people tried to take adavantage if the spaniards

• The mexica and inca were defeated by other ingenous armies of tens of thousands of people

• The spanish had access to steel and gunpowder

• The antive americas had no historical immunity to illnesses

• Spaniards brought over diseases without knwoing → limited resistance to illnesses, killed lots of people

• misjudgement of spaniards intentions

• imperial fragility

who are Moteuczoma and Atahualpa

Moteuczoma = Mexican ruler of empire

Atahualpa = Inca ruler of empire

(Cortes and Marina meet with Moteuczoma)

Mexica and Inca commonalities

• They had similarities and differences

• They were both new politically empires

• Communities that had expanded over 100 years

• Incas expanded from the city of cusco (peru nowadays)

• Inhabited by other groups of indigenous people- never saw themselves as as neither aztecs or incas. no ‘national’ unity

• 
  

Mexica and Inca differences

• Incas clamed they were sent from the sun

• The mexica claimed they were the chosen people from the son, they had the mission to make sure the sun would rise everyday after the fighting at night

• They sacrified blood and human hearts in order to survive

• Neither society had an draft animals

• No gun power, no steal weaponry

the Mexicas’

• The mexica believed In self sacrifice to ensure the survival of the world

• They took cities and incorporated them. Once they conquered them they were required to send amount of goods

• Intimidated people ito submission

• They made one of the biggest cities in the world

• tribute-based empire

the Incas’

• practicied little self sacrifice. They sacrficied children by leaving them at the top of the mountains as offerings to god. they limited human sacrifice

• Invested in infrastructure uo and down thei territory

• They had a longer road netwrok then the romans

• Extraction of labour rather than goods

• large infraestructure projects span empire

• expansion through negotation and intimidation rather than actual war