2) Beginnings

What cultural age was characterized by cave paintings

Upper Palaeolithic (40,000 - 10,000 BCE)

Word for some sort of monument (stone, metal)

Stele

What was the Bronze Age characterized by?

• Bronze tools

• Agriculturalists

• Monumental construction

What was the approx years of the Bronze Age

3000 - 1000 BCE

What two primary civilizations emerged from the Bronze Age?

• Egypt

• Mesopotamia

What sports were depicted in Mesopotamian statuettes, reliefs and steles

• Boxing

• Wrestling

What is Old Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh

• First place to produce writing

• Giglamesh trying to force his way into a room because he wants a sacred marriage to take place

• He is an arrogant king

Other texts from Mesopotamia

• Lugalbanda in the mountain cave (wrestler)

• The cursing of Agade (athlete)

• A dedication of a statue (athlete)

What evidence of sport does the poem of Sulgi give us

• Exercise ground

• Battle

• Athlete

• Athletics

Another poem of Sulgi and evidence

• Runner

King Samsi-Addu sends a letter to his son Jamsah-Addu, king of Mari, complaining about the way he directs the war against his enemies. What is the evidence for sport?

• Wrestling

Other names for the Sed Festival

• Heb Sed Festival

• Festival of the Tail

What was the representation of the Sed Festival found on

Wooden label that belonged to an oil jar

Explain the Sed Festival

• Pharoah runs between two sets of markers (one representing upper Egypt, the other lower Egypt)

• Shows he is fit to rule

• Idea that Egypt is unified

• Done when a Pharoah has been on the throne for thirty years

• Supposed to do it every three years after thirty years

Explain the Wild Bull Hunt Scarab of Amenhotep III text

• Pharoah hunted down 96 wild bulls

• Did this to prove even though he is young, he has what it takes to be a Pharoah

When was Greece introduced

During the Bronze Age

What was the first civilization to appear in Greece

Minoans

Where was the core area of the Minoan civilization

Island of Crete

• Influences areas near as well

What is a Chalcydony Seal?

Stones to press into wax to make impressions

What is a Fresco?

Wall painting done on plaster while it is still damp

What is a Steatite Rhyton?

• Ceremonial vessel

• Offering to the gods

• Fill it with milk, wine, or olive oil

The three Minoan scripts (Cretan ‘Hieroglyphics’, Linex A, and Phaistos Disk) are all

Undeciphered

what Mycenaean Script was deciphered

Linear B

Who deciphered Linear B

Michael Ventris

Why was the discovery of Linear B so important

The language is Greek

What type of text did Linear B represent

Largely administrative records

• Palace goods and personnel

• Sacrificial offerings and gods worshipped

• Land ownership and use

• Military equipment (chariots, chariot wheels)

Linear B did not depict

• Stories

• Myths

• Histories

Who wrote about gymnastics

Philostratus