Abeka Science: Matter and Energy Test 2

Vocabulary study cards covering mechanics, forces, motion, equations, and simple machines for Abeka Science Matter and Energy Test 2.

Momentum

Quantity of motion defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity.

Aristotle

Philosopher whose teachings dominated scientific thought for almost 2000 years.

Isaac Newton

Scientist who discovered the laws of motion and gravity, laying the foundation for much of modern physical science.

Joule

The SI unit of work.

Pulley

A simple machine that consists of a grooved wheel with which a rope or cable passes.

Terminal Velocity

The velocity at which air resistance stops a falling object from accelerating.

Vector

Any mathematical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Frame of reference

The space relative to which motion is measured.

Classical Physics

The branches of physics developed before 1900.

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$

The formula used to calculate the measure of how quickly an object moves.

$$p = mv$$

The formula used to calculate the momentum of an object.

$$W = Fd$$

The formula for calculating energy transferred from one object to another by force (work).

Work

The transfer of energy from one object to another by a force.

Newton's First Law of Motion

The principle that the velocity of an object does not change unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

The principle that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Power

The rate of doing work.

Mechanical Advantage

The term for a measure of how much help a machine provides.

Inclined Plane

A simple machine that is a sloping surface that allows an object to be raised without being lifted straight up.

Resultant

The sum of two or more vectors.

Pendulum

An object that hangs from a fixed point that swings back and forth due to the force of gravity.

Speed

The distance an object travels per unit of time.

Efficiency

The measure of how well a machine converts input work to output work.

Centripetal force

A center-seeking force that causes an object to travel in a curved path.

Wedge

A simple machine which is like an inclined plane that modifies the applied force and directs it to the side.

$$F = ma$$

The mathematical formula representing Newton's second law of motion.

$$d = \frac{1}{2}gt^2$$

The equation representing the relationship between free-fall distance and the acceleration of gravity.

$$F_w = mg$$

The equation for finding the weight of an object using Newton's second law and gravity.

Pitch

The distance between two adjacent threads on a screw, which represents the output distance of a screw.

Displacement

Any change in an object's position.

Wheel and axel

A device considered a circular lever that can be used to multiply distance, speed, or force.

Gravitational force

The attractive force that exists between any two bodies and is caused by their mass.

Assistance of simple machines

Forms of help provided by a machine: multiplying an applied force, multiplying the distance a force moves something, and changing the direction of a force.

Classification of levers

The classification determined by the arrangement of the input arm, output arm, and fulcrum.

Static Friction

The type of friction that affects stationary objects, preventing them from moving.

Mechanics

The branch of physics that addresses the effects of forces on matter.

Scalar

A physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction.

Watt

The SI unit of power.

Block and Tackle

A combination of one or more fixed pulleys and one or more movable pulleys.

Acceleration

The term physicists use to refer to any change of velocity.

Kinetic friction

The type of friction that affects a sliding object already in motion.

Machines

A device used to multiply force for the purpose of doing work.

Dynamics

The study of motion and forces.

$$\text{IMA} = \frac{2\pi r}{P}$$

The equation used to calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a screw.

$$F_{kf} = \mu_k F_w$$

The formula used to determine the magnitude of kinetic friction force.

$$P = \frac{W}{t}$$

The mathematical formula for power, representing the rate of doing work.