Chemistry 14B

Acids and Bases

Acids

a substance that will disassociate to give H+ (Hydrogen) ions

Bases

a substance that will disassociate to give OH- (Hydroxide) ions

Conjugate Acid

a new substance formed when a base accepts a proton (H+) during a chemical reaction

Conjugate Base

the chemical substance that remains after an acid donates a proton (H+) during a chemical reaction

pH

a measure of the acidity of the solution

Low pH

the more acidic the solution (pH < 7)

High pH

the more basic the solution (pH > 7)

pOH

a measure of the basicity of the solution

Low pOH

the more basic the solution

High pOH

the more acidic the solution

Strong Acid

HCl

Strong Acid

HBr

Strong Acid

HI

Strong Acid

HCl₄

Strong Acid

HNO₃

Strong Acid

HIO₄

Strong Acid

H₂SO₄

Strong Acid

HCl₃

Strong Base

LiOH

Strong Base

NaOH

Strong Base

KOH

Strong Base

RbOH

Strong Base

CSOH

Strong Base

Ba(OH)₂

Strong Base

Sr(OH)₂

Strong Base

Ca(OH)₂

Strong Acid

an acid that readily (or more easily) gives up a proton (H⁺) completely in water

In a solution: [H⁺] = [OH^-]

the solution is neutral and the pH is equal to 7

In a solution: [H⁺] > [OH^-]

the solution is acidic and the pH is less than 7

In a solution: [H⁺] < [OH^-]

the solution is basic and the pH is greater than 7