Chapter 4 Part 3 (Gluconeogenesis, Protein catabolism, lipolysis, Lipid Synthesis)

What is gluconeogensis?

The build up of new glucose from other sources in the body.

What happens to the body when you don’t eat? (no more glucose)

The body will start to break down proteins and lipids in the body.

What are the steps of gluconeogenesis?

Step 1: amino acids and lactate will form pyruvate

Step 2: Amino acids and glycerol will be pulled from fat storage and protein will then go through gluconeogenesis

Step3: Glucose 6-phosphate is then made

Step 4: Glucose is created

What is lipid synthesis?

The build up of fat! More specifically

When are lipids made?

Lipids are made when there are too much glucose.

Steps in making glycerol from glucose?

Step 1: Glucose goes through glycolysis

Step 2: Glycolysis creates the byproduct of glycerol

Steps in making fatty acid?

Step 1: Glucose goes through glycolysis

Step 2: Pyruvate is made now

Step 3: Pyruvate then turns into the Acetyl CoA

Step 4: CoA is removed from Acetyl CoA to make Acyl unit

Step 5: Many Acyl group then go through fatty acid synthase to make fatty acid

What is the end product of lipid synthesis?

Triglyceride

What is the important step in breaking up amino acid?

Deamination

What is deamination?

The removal of an amine group

What is the PROCESS of separation of peptide bonds from the amino acids?

Hydrolysis: The removal of water

What does the Amine group from Deamination turn into?

Ammonia to Ammonium to Urea

What is Urea?

Urine

What is Lipolysis?

The break down of lipids

What breaks up the triglyceride into glycerol and fatty acids?

Lipase

What happens to glycerol after being broken up from triglyceride? (What are the steps)

Step 1: Glycerol will become a byproduct for glycolysis

Step 2: Glycolysis will then turn into the pyruvate

Step 3: Pyruvate will turn into Acetyl CoA

Step 4: Acetyl CoA Will go into Krebs Cycle

What happens to fatty after being broken up from triglyceride? (What are the steps)

Step 1: Fatty acid will go through beta oxidation

Step 2: Acyl units are created

Step 3: Acyl units get CoA added to it to be Acetyl CoA

Step 3: Acetyl CoA then go through Krebs Cycle