Chemistry and Water Self-Study Quiz Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Chemistry and Water Self-Study Quiz covering fundamental chemical bonds, subatomic particles, atomic properties, water interactions, pH, and redox reactions.

Partial Charges

Electrical charges on a molecule that occur when there are polar covalent bonds present.

Neutron

A subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of $0$.

Ions

Atoms or molecules that have unequal numbers of electrons and protons.

Carbon ($C$) Atom

An individual atom that always forms $4$ chemical bonds.

Hydrogen Bonds ($H$ Bonds)

Intermolecular attractions that may occur between any molecules containing polar covalent bonds with hydrogen ($H$).

Atomic Nucleus

The central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

Non-polar Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond formed between like or similar atoms (such as $H_2$ or an $H-H$ bond) where electrons are shared equally.

$C-O$ Bond

A polar covalent bond formed between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom, including double bonds such as $C=O$.

Starch Interaction with Water

A carbohydrate molecule to which water molecules are attracted due to its polar properties.

Oxygen ($O$) Atom

An individual atom that always forms $2$ chemical bonds.

Helium ($He$) Atom

An individual inert atom that always forms $0$ chemical bonds.

$N-C$ Bond

A polar covalent bond formed between a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom.

Meniscus Curve

The curved upper surface of water in a glass graduated cylinder caused by adhesion between water and glass.

Oxidation

The chemical process that occurs when a molecule loses an electron.

Maximum Chemical Bonds Between Two Atoms

The maximum number of chemical bonds that can exist between two individual atoms, which is $3$.

Electronegativity

A measure of the attraction of an atom for its electrons.

Asymmetric Bond Electron Distribution

The arrangement of shared electrons in a bond between atoms of differing electronegativity, where electrons are closer to the atom with higher electronegativity.

Acidic Solution

A solution with a high hydrogen ion concentration ($[H^+]$), resulting in a $pH$ value less than $7$.

$N-H$ Bond

A polar covalent bond formed between a nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom.

Ionic Bond

A type of chemical bond in which electrons are not shared between two atoms.

$C-H$ Bond

An example of a non-polar covalent bond formed between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom.

Proton

A subatomic particle located in the atomic nucleus with a charge of $+1$.

Solid $NaCl$

A chemical compound whose structure is held together by ionic bonds.

Water Cohesion

The attraction between water molecules that enables water to exist as a liquid at room temperature.

Orbitals

The regions within an atom where electrons are located.

Aqueous Solvent Capacity

The ability of water to act as a solvent that dissolves small polar or charged molecules.

Hydrophilic Molecules

Molecules that tend to contain many polar covalent bonds, making them soluble in water.

Hydrophobic Molecules

Molecules that tend to contain many non-polar covalent bonds, making them insoluble in water.

$$pH$$

A scale representing the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration ($[H^+]$) in a solution.

Electron

A subatomic particle located in atomic orbitals with a charge of $-1$.

Reduction

The chemical process that occurs when a molecule gains an electron.