Cell Organelles and Functions

Prokaryotes

no nucleus, DNA In nucleoid, cytosol, only ribosomes, small, bacteria and archaea

eukaryote

nucleus and nuclear envelope, cytosol, organelles, larger, comple, plants and animals

Nucleus

control center of the cell, DNA and mRNA

Nuclear Pores

control what enters/leaves nucleus

Chromatin

complex of DNA and proteins, makes up chromosomes

Nucleolus

region where ribosomal subunits (rRNA and protiens) are formed

ribosomes

protein synthesis

free ribosomes

float in cytosol, produce proteins within the cell

bound ribosomes

attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell

endomembrane system

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions

endoplasmic reticulum

network of membranes and sacs

rough er

ribosomes on surface, package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to golgi apparatus, make replacement membrane

smooth er

no ribosomes on surface, synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs and poisons, store Ca2+

golgi apparatus

synthesis and packaging of materials for transport, produce lysosomes

cis face

receives vesicles

trans face

ships vesicles

lysosomes

intracellular digestion, recycle cell’s materials, programmed cell death

vacuoles

storage of materials

mitochondria

site of cellular respiration

cristae

folds of inner membrane; contains enzymes for ATP production; increased surface area to increase the ammount of ATP made

matrix

fluid filled inner compartment of the mitochondria

chloroplasts

site of photosynthesis

endosymbiont theory

mitochondria and chloroplasts share a similar origin; prokaryotic cells engulfed by ancestors of eukaryotic cells

endosymbiont theory evidence

1) double membrane structure 2) have own ribosomes and DNA 3) reproduce independently within the cell

peroxisomes

break down fatty acids; detox alcohol, involves production of hydrogen peroxide

cytoskeleton

support, motility, regulate biochemical activities

centrosomes

region from which microtubules grow

cilia

short and numerous; locomotion or move fluids

flagella

long and few; propel through water