Chemistry

Unit 4

Cation

Ion with a positive charge

A cation has ____?___ electrons

Lost

When a cation loses a negative election what is it becoming more of?

Becoming more positive

what is an Anion?

Ion with a negative charge

An Anion has ___?___ electrons

Gained

When an anion has gained more negative electrons what is it becoming more of?

Becoming more negative

Why do atoms become ions?

Atoms want to be stable

They are at their lowest energy level

Groups 1,2, and 13 will ___?___ electrons

lose

Group 1,2, and 13 will become ___?___

Cations

Group 15,16 and 17 will ___?___ electrons

Gain

Group 15,16 and 17 will become ___?___

Anion

when cations and anions bond, what is their charge?

No charge

Do ions become noble gases?

No

What do ions and noble gases have in common?

Their stability

What do ions have the same as their parent element?

The number of protons and neutrons

what do ions maintain?

they maintain their elemental identity

What do ions not have in common as their parent atom?

They don’t have in common the same properties

What do ions have that noble gases don’t?

Ions have electrical charges

How can ions form compounds?

Ions can form compounds due to electrical charges. (opposites attract)

What is ionic bonding?

The complete Transfer of valence electrons between atoms

What is the charge of a ionic compound?

Neutral

When ionic bonds form they ___?___

Release energy

When ionic bonds break they ___?___

Absorb energy

when energy is released it is an ___?___ reaction

Exothermic

when energy is absorbed it is an ___?___ reaction

Endothermic

Exothermic is __?___

HOT

Endothermic is __?___

COLD

Ionic bonds form __?__ ___?____

Ionic compounds

Why do ionic bonds form ionic compounds?

Because of their crystal structure and the force of attraction between opposite charges

Why are ionic compound properties unique?

They are unique due to strong attraction between ions

What is criteria number 1 for ionic compounds to conduct electricity?

Must be charged particles

Ions=charged

What is criteria number 2 for ionic compounds to conduct electricity?

Must be free to move (fluid or gases)

Does not work for ionic solids

What is a salt?

An ionic compound that forms when a metal atom (positive charge) replaces hydrogen of an acid

The specific way in which atoms are arranged in an ionic compound is called ___?___

Crystal lattice

What is crystal lattice?

the specific way in which atoms are arranged in an ionic compound

What is the simplest repeating unit of a crystal structure?

Unit cell

What is a unit cell?

It is the simplest repeating unit of a crystal structure

How many steps does it take to form salts?

5

How many steps of the salt process are endothermic and Exothermic?

3 are endothermic

2 are Exothermic

Step 1 of the salt process is ___?____

Endothermic

Step 2 of the salt process is ____?___

Endothermic

Step 3 of the salt process is ____?____

Endothermic

Step 4 of the salt process is ____?_____

Exothermic

Step 5 of the salt process is ____?___

Exothermic

Naˢ + Energy ——> Naᵍ Is an example of what step?

Step 1

Naᵍ + Energy ——> Na+ᵍ + e-

Is an example of what step?

Step 2

Cl² ᵍ + Energy ———> Clᵍ +Clᵍ

Is an example of what step?

Step 3

Clᵍ + e- ———> Cl-ᵍ + Energy

Is an example of what step?

Step 4

Na+ᵍ + Cl-ᵍ ————> NaClˢ + Energy

Is an example of what step?

Step 5

What is lattice energy similar to?

Similar to a cation when bonding to any halogen

Alkali Metals have ___?__ ____?__ energy

Lower lattice energy

Alkaline earth metals have __?___ ___?___ energy

Higher lattice energy

Calcium is similar to which noble gas?

Argan

Magnesium is similar to which noble gas?

Neon