APES Unit 2

3 Biodiversity types

Species, Genetic, Habitat

Species Biodiversity

The total amount of species in a community, as well as the abundance of each of those species

Species Richness

How many different species are in an area

Species Evenness

the proportion of different species to each other

The relationship between species richness and the equator

There tends to be more richness near the equator

Genetic Biodiversity

The diversity of different alleles in the gene pool of a species

Genetic Bottleneck

an event that drastically reduces the population size of a species

Habitat Biodiversity

How many different habitats are in a community

Relationship between Specialists and Habitat Biodiversity

When there is a decrease in Habitat Biodiversity, Specialists will be the first ones to be impacted do to limited diets.

Ecosystem Services

Benefits provided to humans by ecosystems

4 types of ecosystem services

Provisioning, Supporting, Regulating, Cultural

Provisioning Services

Any material benefit that humans get from nature

Supporting Services

Services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services

Regulating Services

Benefits gained from controlling the effects of natural phenomena

Cultural Services

Non-material benefits that contribute to cultural advancement of people\\

Range of Tolerance

Certain ranges of abiotic factors that allow populations to thrive

Zone of Intolerance

Area outside of the geographic range, where a population is absent

Zone of Physiological Stress

Area inside of a population’s geographic range where members of the population are rare due to limiting factors

Zone of Optimum

Area inside of a population’s geographic range with ideal conditions needed for organisms to thrive

Limiting Factors

An environmental factor that, even when other factors are optimum, will be most likely to regulate population growth.

Disturbance

Events that result in changes to population size or community composition

2 Types of Disturbances

Natural and Anthropogenic

Three Timescales of Disturbances

Periodic, Episodic, Random

Two Responses to Disturbances

Resistance and Resilience

Resistance

A measure of how much a disturbance affects the flow of energy and matter in a population

Resilience

The rate at which an ecosystem returns to it’s original state after a disturbance

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

Maximum species diversity is achieved with moderate amounts of disturbance