LMQ-diffusion, filtration, cell transport

IN LAB YOU TESTED THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AND METHYLENE BLUE THROUGH AGAR. WHICH DYE MIGRATED AT A SLOWER RATE

METHYLENE BLUE

IN LAB YOU OBSERVED THE PROCESS OF FILTRATION OF A SOLUTION CONTAINING STARCH, COPPER SULFATE AND CHARCOAL. __________ DID NOT PASS THROUGH THE FILTER PAPER. WHY?

CHARCOAL / STARCH DID NOT PASS THROUGH. THEY ARE OF LARGER MOLECULAR SIZE THAN THE FILTER PAPER PORES

THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AND METHYLENE BLUE THROUGH AGAR IS DIFFERENT,WHY?

BECAUSE OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT/SIZE/ METHYLENE BLUE IS HEAVIER/ POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IS SMALLER

IN LAB YOU OBSERVED THE PROCESS OF FILTRATION OF A SOLUTION CONTAINING STARCH, COPPER SULFATE AND CHARCOAL. NOT ALL OF THE SUBSTANCES PASSED THROUGH THE FILTER PAPER. WHY?

CHARCOAL / STARCH ARE OF LARGER MOLECULAR SIZE THAN THE FILTER PAPER PORES

HOW WAS THE PRESENCE OF CHARCOAL ON THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE VERIFIED?

VISUALLY/ BLACK FLECKS WERE VISIBLE ON THE FILTER PAPER

HOW WAS THE PRESENCE OF COPPER SULFATE IN THE FILTRTION BEAKER VERIFIED?

VISUALLY/ THE BEAKER HAD A CLEAR BLUE LIQUID DUE TO PRESENCE OF COPPER SULFATE

WHAT WAS USED TO TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF STARCH ON THE FILTRATION PAPER?

IODINE - TURNS PURPLE / BLACK IN THE PRESENCE OF STARCH

WHAT COLOR WAS SEEN WHEN THE IODINE WAS PLACED ON THE FILTRATION PAPER?

PURPLE / BLACK

WHAT COLOR WAS SEEN WHEN THE IODINE WAS PLACED IN THE FILTRATION BEAKER?

ORANGE/ LIGHT BROWN

DOES POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE DIFFUSE FASTER THROUGH LIQUID (WATER) OR SOLID (AGAR)

LIQUID/ WATER

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING AND METHYLENE BLUE, DOES METHYLENE BLUE STAY INSIDE THE TUBING OR EXIT?

YES IT DOES LEAVE THE TUBING

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING AND METHYLENE BLUE, WHY DOES METHYLENE BLUE EXIT THE TUBING

BECAUSE IT IS SMALL ENOUGH TO EXIT/ MOVES DOWN IT'S CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING, DID BLUE DEXTRAN EXIT THE TUBING? WHY?

BLUE DEXTRAN WHICH COULD NOT ESCAPE DUE TO ITS SIZE / BLUE DEXTRAN'S MOLECULAR WEIGHT IS TOO LARGE FOR IT TO TRAVEL ACROSS THE DIALYSIS MEMBRANE'S PORES

CRENATION

CRENATION- CRINKLING-UP PROCESS OBSERVED IN RED BLOOD CELLS PLACED IN A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION/ RBC LOSING WATER

IN ACTIVE PROCESSES __________ DRIVES MOVEMENT THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

Active Processes are driven by ATP

IN PASSIVE PROCESSES __________ DRIVES MOVEMENT THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

Passive Processes are driven by concentration or pressure differences

WHAT KIND OF ENERGY DO MOLECULES POSSESS THAT KEEP THEM IN CONSTANT MOTION?

Kinetic Energy

A DIFFERENCE IN CONCENTRATION ACROSS A MEMBRANE IS CALLED __________

Concentration Gradient

WE USED __________ IN LAB TO APPROXIMATE A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE WHEN USING BLUE DEXTRAN/ METHYLENE BLUE

Dialysis Sacs

__________ IS A PASSIVE PROCESS BY WHICH WATER AND SOLUTES ARE FORCED THROUGH A MEMBANE BY HYDROSTATIC (FLUID) PRESSURE

Filtration

WHAT WAS USED AS A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE DURING THE FILTRATION EXERCISE?

Filter paper

A FUNNEL WAS USED DURING WHICH EXERCISE IN LAB?

Funnel- During Filtration Exercise

IN GENERAL, THE RATE OF DIFFUSION IS GREATER IN WHICH MEDIA: LIQUID OR SOLID?

LIQUID/ WATER

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING AND BLUE DEXTRAN, YOU TESTED __________

OSMOSIS/ LYSIS /A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

IN YOUR HOMEWORK YOU TESTED THE MOVEMENT OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE BY __________

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

WHEN PLACED IN A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION, RED BLOOD CELLS WILL BURST, A PROCESS KNOWN AS __________

HEMOLYSIS

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING, WATER WENT IN OR OUT OF THE TUBING WITH BLUE DEXTRAN? WHY?

WATER CAME INSIDE OF TUBING / WATER WENT DOWN IT'S CONCENTRATION GRADIENT / WATER TRAVELED TO WHERE THE CONCENTRATION OF DISSOLVED SOLUTES WAS HIGHEST

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ATP IN ACTIVE TRANSPORT?

ATP PROVIDES ENERGY

WHEN RED BLOOD CELLS ARE PLACED IN A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION THEY WILL BURST. WHY?

WATER CONTINUES TO MOVE TOWARDS THE GREATER SOLUTE-CONCENTRATED ENVIRONMENT OF CELL UNTIL THE CELL FINALLY RUPTURES

WHEN PLACED IN A __________ SOLUTION, RED BLOOD CELLS WILL BURST (HEMOLYSIS)

HYPOTONIC

IN LAB, USING DIALYSIS TUBING AND METHYLENE BLUE, YOU TESTED __________

OSMOSIS / CRENATION

WHEN PLACED IN A __________ SOLUTION RED BLOOD CELLS WILL SHRINK, A PROCESS KNOWN AS __________

HYPERTONIC, CRENATION.

WHAT IS THE SIMPLE DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH A MEMBRANE CALLED?

OSMOSIS

WHY DO RED BLOOD CELLS SHRINK WHEN PLACED IN A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

DUE TO WATER LEAVING RBC.

HEMOLYSIS

HEMOLYSIS- BURSTING OF RED BLOOD CELLS AS WATER FLOODS INTO THEM / RESULT OF PLACING RBC'S INTO AN OVERLY HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

EXPLAIN WHEN HEMOLYSIS OCCURS.

WHEN RBC'S ARE PLACED IN AN OVERLY HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

EXPLAIN WHEN CRENATION OCCURS

RBCs SHRINK WHEN PLACED IN HYPERTONIC SOLUTION AND LOSE WATER

LARGE MOLECULES AND MOLECULES ARE TRANSPORTED ACROSS THE MEMBRANE BY __________

Vesicular transport

MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES THROUGH A MEMBRANE AND INTO THE CELL IS CALLED?

Endocytosis

MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES THROUGH A MEMBRANE AND OUT OF THE CELL IS CALLED?

Exocytosis

IN __________, THE CELL MEMBRANE SINKS BENEATH MATERIAL TO FORM A SMALL VESICLE, WHICH THEN PINCHES OFF INTO THE CELL INTERIOR

Fluid-phase Endocytosis / Pinocytosis

IN __________, PARTS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND CYTOPLASM EXPAND AND FLOW AROUND A RELATIVELY LARGE OR SOLID MATERIAL

Phagocytosis / Cell Eating

WHAT IS THE MEMBRANOUS SAC FORMED DURING PHAGOCYTOSIS?

Phagosome

WHAT IS THE SELECTIVE TYPE OF ENDOCYTOSIS THAT USES PLASMA MEMBRANE RECEPTORS?

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

WHAT MEDIUM WAS USED TO SHOW DIFFUSION THROUGH A SOLID MEDIUM?

AGAR / Agar Plate

Diffusion

natural movement from high concentration to low concentration

Two Passive Processes

Diffusion and Filtration

Passive Cell Transport

movement of substances across a cell without ATP (cellular energy)

Active Cell Transport

movement of substances across a cell with ATP (cellular energy) (can move against a concentration gradient)

Tonicity

how a surrounding solution can change the volume of a cell by moving water in or out

hypotonic

• cell gains water and grows and can burst (hemolysis)

• surrounding solution has less salt than the cell and water flows into the cell

hypertonic

• cell loses water and shrinks

• surrounding solution has more salt than the cell and water flows out of the cell

Isotonic

• cell doesn’t change because surrounding water contains same levels of salt as the cell

Filtration

• process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by (hydrostatic) fluid pressure

phagocytosis

he cellular process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf and digest large solid particles, such as bacteria, dead cells, or foreign debris

-phagia

to eat or swallow