Ancient Grecce Study guide

Atilla

Leader of the Huns, known as the "scourge of God."

Augustus

First Roman emperor who established the Pax Romana.

Hannibal

Carthaginian general who famously crossed the Alps with elephants.

Cleopatra

Egyptian ruler who had a notable relationship with Julius Caesar.

DIocletian

Roman emperor who divided the empire into eastern and western halves.

Julius Caesar

General and dictator whose assassination marked a turning point in Roman history.

Marcus Aurelius

Last emperor of the Pax Romana, known for his philosophical writings.

Jesus

Central figure in Christianity, executed for his revolutionary ideas.

Patricians vs. Plebeians

Class distinction, where Patricians were the wealthy elite and Plebeians the common people.

Senate

The 300-member governing body of the Roman Republic, influential in legislative decisions.

Tribunes

Elected officials who represented the interests of the Plebeians.

Consuls: One of two leaders in the Roman Republic, elected for one year.

Mercenaries

Foreign soldiers hired to serve in the Roman army.

Greek Influence

Roman art and literature were heavily influenced by Greek culture.

Christianity

Grew in prominence, leading to significant changes in Roman society and governance.

Pax Romana

A period of peace and stability across the Roman Empire initiated by Augustus.

End of Pax Romana

Marked by the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 A.D.

Punic Wars

Series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage that were crucial for Roman territorial expansion.

Roman Expansion

Driven by military conquest and the pursuit of resources.

Economic Issues

Decline in agriculture and reliance on slave labor contributed to economic instability.

Political Instability

Frequent assassinations and a lack of peaceful transitions of power.

External Pressures

Germanic invasions and other external threats.

Martyr

Someone who dies for their beliefs, particularly in the context of early Christianity.

Aqueduct

Bridge-like structures that transported water into cities.

Latifundia

Large estates owned by wealthy Romans.