Spring

Spring

A Java framework used to build applications, especially web applications, APIs, and enterprise applications.

Dependency Injection (DI)

Spring creates and manages objects for you instead of you manually creating them everywhere.

Inversion of Control (IoC)

The framework controls how application components are created and connected.

Web development

Spring MVC can be used to build REST APIs and web applications.

Database access

Spring integrates with technologies such as JPA, Hibernate, and JDBC.

Security

Spring Security provides authentication and authorization.

Transaction management

Helps manage database transactions.

Modular architecture

You can use only the Spring modules your application needs.

Spring Boot

A framework built on top of Spring that makes it much easier and faster to create Spring applications.

Spring Initializr

A web-based tool from the Spring ecosystem that helps you quickly create the basic structure of a Spring Boot application.

Constructor Injection

Use this when you have required dependencies and is recommended as the first choice by the spring.io development team.

Setter Injection

Use this when you have optional dependencies; the app can provide reasonable default logic if a dependency is not provided.

Field Injection

Dependencies are injected directly into the fields of a class, bypassing constructor or setters; generally less recommended.

Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)

Bridges the gap between the object-oriented world of Java and the relational world of SQL databases.

Productivity Boost

Eliminates massive amounts of tedious JDBC code, connection management, and manual result-set mapping.

Database Independence

Hibernate allows applications to switch underlying databases with minimal configuration changes by abstracting SQL dialects.

Built-in Caching

Features a first-level cache and an optional second-level cache to reduce database round-trips and improve performance.

Automatic Transaction Management

Handles database transactions and connection pooling efficiently, ensuring data integrity.

Jakarta Persistence API (JPA)

Standard API for Object Relational Mapping; a specification that requires implementations to use.

Idempotent

An action that can be applied multiple times without changing the final system state beyond the first time it is run.