L1 Galvanic Response

autonomic nervous system

• Responsible for involuntary (autonomic) output.

• The CNS controls involuntary outputs like digestive tract contractions without conscious awareness.

• ex of outputs: sweat, heart rate, and respiration,

current

rate of electron flow and is proportional to voltage. It measures how many electrons are passing a given point in a circuit per unit of time.

• The more electrons flowing, the higher the current and higher voltage

electrodermal activity (EDA)

bioelectric phenomenon of the skin

• the electrical properties of the skin and is measured in Galvanic Skin Response (GSR).

• Changes in EDA are driven by variations in skin conductance, which are primarily caused by sweat secretion due to autonomic arousal.

• This can be triggered by the fight-or-flight response, emotional stress, or deception.

galvanic skin response

• measurement in changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) due to variations in skin conductance, primarily driven by sweat secretion.

• GSR is often accompanied by increased respiratory rate and heart rate.

integumentary sweat glands

• includes the epidermis and dermis.

• The dermis, a connective-tissue layer, houses sweat glands

• exocrine glands distributed over most of the body surface

• sweat ducts empty onto outer layers of skin via pores

• most abundant on palms, soles & forehead

involuntary functions

• autonomic outputs from the central nervous system (CNS) that occur without conscious awareness.

• The CNS controls these functions, such as digestive tract contractions, without you consciously thinking about them.

• You cannot consciously control autonomic responses.

resistance

• impedance to electron flow

• the opposition (inversely proportional) to the flow of electrical current ((I)).

• relationship: the higher the resistance, the lower the current for a given voltage ((V))

sweat

• helps regulate body temperature by evaporating sweat and cooling the body.

• contains a low concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl), which provides ions that affect skin conductivity.

sympathetic nervous system

• part of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response.

• When activated, it leads to increased sweating, heart rate and respiratory rate.

• These responses prepare the body for physical activity by cooling it, increasing oxygen intake, and speeding up blood flow.

voltage

electromotive force (difference in charge between two points, required for electrons to flow)

• The electrical "force" that drives electrons from one point to another, inducing electron flow.

• Current is directly proportional to voltage, meaning that the higher the voltage, the greater the current flow.

voluntary functions

conscious outputs from the central nervous system (CNS) that you are aware of and can control. These signals typically travel to skeletal muscles, allowing you to perform actions like raising an arm.