WT task 1 - figures and comparisons (ielts)

stand at + value

To have a particular numerical value at a given time. | составлять на определённую дату Example: In 2010, the unemployment rate stood at 5%.

account for + proportion

To represent a particular share of a total. | составлять долю Example: Transport accounted for 30% of household spending.

make up / constitute + proportion

To form a particular part of a total. | составлять часть целого Example: Women made up 60% of the workforce.

the number of + plural countable noun

The total count of individual people or things; takes a singular verb. | количество исчисляемых объектов Example: The number of visitors was higher in July.

the amount of + uncountable noun

The quantity of something that is not counted individually. | количество неисчисляемого Example: The amount of waste produced increased.

the proportion / percentage of + group

The share of a total belonging to a particular category. | доля / процент Example: The percentage of households with internet access reached 90%.

approximately / around / roughly + value

Introduces an estimated or rounded figure. | примерно, около Example: Approximately 40% of respondents travelled by bus.

just over + value

A little more than a specified value. | чуть больше Example: Just over 50% of households owned a car.

well over + value

Considerably more than a specified value. | значительно больше Example: Well over half of the respondents preferred online shopping.

just under + value

A little less than a specified value. | чуть меньше Example: Just under 100 people attended.

well under + value

Considerably less than a specified value. | значительно меньше Example: The figure remained well under 50%.

nearly / almost + value

Close to a specified value, usually without reaching it. | почти Example: Nearly 80% of households had a television.

respectively

Links two or more figures to categories in the same order. | соответственно Example: France and Spain recorded 20 and 30 million visitors, respectively.

compared with / compared to + noun

Introduces the category used as a basis for comparison. | по сравнению с Example: Rail accounted for 20% of journeys, compared with 40% for cars.

whereas / while + clause

Connects two contrasting facts; while can express contrast without referring to time. | тогда как Example: Sales rose in France, whereas they fell in Italy.

by contrast / in contrast, + clause

Introduces a clear difference from the preceding information. | напротив, в отличие от этого Example: Car use increased. By contrast, bus use declined.

similarly, + clause

Introduces a fact showing a comparable pattern. | аналогично Example: Sales increased in France. Similarly, Germany recorded growth.

the same as / equal to + noun

Expresses equality between two values. | такой же, как / равный Example: The figure for France was equal to that for Spain.

twice / three times as high as

Expresses a value that is two or three times another value. | вдвое / втрое выше Example: The rate in A was twice as high as that in B: 20% compared with 10%.

half as much / half as many as

Expresses half another quantity; use much with uncountable nouns and many with countable nouns. | вдвое меньше Example: A produced half as much waste as B and had half as many factories.

exceed + noun + by + amount

To be greater than another value by a specified difference. | превышать на Example: Output in A exceeded that in B by 20 tonnes.

the highest / lowest figure

Identifies the largest or smallest numerical value. | самый высокий / низкий показатель Example: Country A recorded the highest figure, at 80%.

a gap of + amount + between A and B

Describes the numerical difference between two categories. | разрыв между A и B величиной Example: There was a gap of 15 percentage points between the two rates.

increase by X% versus increase by X percentage points

Distinguishes relative percentage growth from the absolute difference between percentages. | рост на проценты и на процентные пункты Example: A rise from 20% to 30% is an increase of 10 percentage points, or 50%.

outnumber / overtake

Outnumber means be more numerous; overtake means move from below to above another value over time. | превосходить числом / обогнать Example: Cars outnumbered buses. Rail use overtook bus use in 2015.