Unit 1 BIOMED

The application of the principles of the natural sciences to clinical medicine.

Biomedical Science

The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied.

Control Group

The response in which the research is interested in.

Dependent Variable

A research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable.

Experiment

The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law.

Forensic Science

Clear prediction of the results of an experiment.

Hypothesis

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher.

Independent Variable

what are the structures of the hair

medulla (middle), cuticle (outside), cortex (surface)

stiffening of the body

rigor mortis

blood pools

lividity

cooling of the body

algor mortis

what is the glaister equation

98.4 - measured rectal temp / 1.5 = hours since death

the application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law

forensic science

an experiment: 10 people are at rest and their blood pressure is taken using a blood pressure device; then, you have these 10 people do 50 jumping jacks and re- measure their blood pressure. What is the dependent variable?

the blood pressure

what is the innermost layer of hair

medulla

what stain will blood leave if blood droplets fall directly from above

circular

pyrimidine bases

Thymine and Cytosine

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

DNA

The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.

Gel Electrophoresis

purine bases

adenine and guanine

Something spiral in form.

Helix

A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Nucleotide

An enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.

Restriction Enzyme

Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths.

RFLPs

A component of nucleic acid; a pyrimidine base.

Thymine

molecules that contain genetic code and appear in the form of a double helix

DNA

how do scientists isolate DNA in order to study it

dna extraction

how does DNA differ from person to person?

base pairs dont match the same for everyone

what are restriction enzymes

protein cuts DNA at certain base sequences

what is gel electrophoresis and how can the results of this technique be interpreted

is used to separate proteins or fragments of DNA according to size

DNA is cut at specific nucleotide sequences by

restriction enzymes

when running a gel electrophoresis, DNA will migrate towards the ___ end because DNA has a ______ charge

positive, negative

what characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis

length of fragment

gel electrophoresis is used to separate the fragments of DNA. The larger pieces of DNA will travel ____ the smaller fragments through the gel

slower than

scientists are able to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a small amount of DNA through the process of

polymerase chain reaction

what property of DNA causes it to migrate to the positive pole of the electrophoresis apparatus

the negative charge of DNA

the smaller the DNA fragment, the

further down gel

cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be guanine

38%

nucleotide

sugar, phosphate, base

what is found in DNA

phosphate group, deoxyribose, and nitrogenous base

DNA is a very large molecule made up of a long chain of repeating sub-units called

nucleotides

An examination of the body after death.

Autopsy

a comprehensive set to standadrs and practice designed to give patients specific rights regarding their personal health information

(HIPAA)

two ring structure (adenine and guanine)

purine

One ring structure (Thymine and Cytosine)

Pyrimidine

difference between the manner and cause of death

medical reason of death VS way to categorize the death as a homicide, accident, suicide, undetermined, or natural

why is confidentiality of patient information important

it provides the patient the best medical care and prevents discrimination of that patient

is there ever a time when patient confidentiality should be broken?

yes

integumentary system key structures

skin,hair,nails

forms the body's external covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; helps regulate body temperature

integumentary system function

skeletal system key structures

-bones

-joints

-protects and supports body organs -provides a framework the muscles can use to cause movement -stores minerals

skeletal system function

muscular system key structures

-skeletal muscle

-cardiac muscle

-smooth muscle

moves the body and moves substances around the body; maintains posture; produces heat

muscular system function

nervous system key structures

brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors, nerves

nresponds to internal and external changes by activating an appropriate response; processes information

nervous system function

cardiovascular system key structures

-heart

-blood vessels

pumps blood around body; transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste

cardiovascular system functions

respiratory system key structures

lungs, nasal cavity, trachea, bronchus

assists with gas exchange with the external enviroment; keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

respiratory system functions

lymphatic and immune system key structures

-lymph nodes

-spleen

-thymus

-bone marrow

filters fluid in the body; mounts the attack against foreign substances in the body

lymphatic and immune system functions

digestive system key structures

oral cavity,esosphagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine,liver

break down food into its nutrient molecules; absorbs nutrients'rids the body of waste

digestive system function

urinary system key structures

kidney, bladder, ureter/ urethra

urinary system function

eliminates waste from the body; regulates water balance of the blood

endocrine system key structures

adrenal gland,pituitary gland,ovary,testes,thyroid gland,pituitary,pancreas

secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells

endocrine system function

what are the steps for an experimental design

1. identify problem

2. form a logical hypothesis

3. design procedure

4. carry out experimental varibles

5. analyze

Chargaff's Rule

A+T and G+C