DNA/RNA

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid that stores genetic information

DNA structure

usually double-stranded and contains deoxyribose

DNA bases

adenine

DNA location

primarily in the nucleus

DNA base pairing

adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine

RNA

ribonucleic acid that helps carry out protein synthesis

RNA structure

usually single-stranded and contains ribose

RNA bases

adenine

RNA base pairing

adenine pairs with uracil and cytosine pairs with guanine

RNA location

found in the nucleus and cytoplasm

mRNA

carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome

tRNA

carries amino acids to the ribosome

rRNA

forms part of the ribosome and helps with protein synthesis

Transcription

process of copying DNA information into mRNA

Translation

process in which a ribosome reads mRNA and joins amino acids to make a protein