General Chem (Types of Solutions)

• A homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances

• Consists of a solute and a solvent

Solutions

There are different types of solutions. They can be classified based on their ____.

phase of the solvent, saturation, and concentration.

Types of Solutions Based on the Solvent Phase

• Solutions where the solvent is a liquid

• Most common type

• Solid-liquid solution, liquid-liquid solution, or a gas-liquid solution

Liquid Solutions

Types of Solutions Based on the Solvent Phase

• Solutions where the solvent is solid

• Solid-solid solution, liquid-solid solution, or a gas-solid solution

• e.g., H2 gas trapped in palladium metal

Solid Solutions

Types of Solutions Based on the Solvent Phase

• Solutions where the solvent is gas

• Solid-gas solution, liquid-gas solution, or a gas-gas solution

• e.g., air

Gaseous Solutions

Classifying solutions based on the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature

Types of Solutions Based on Saturation

Types of Solutions Based on Saturation

____ at a specific temperature must be considered

Solubility

Types of Solutions Based on the Solvent Phase

The amount of solute is less than the solute’s solubility at a given volume and temperature.

Unsaturated Solution

Types of Solutions Based on the Solvent Phase

The amount of solute is equal to the solute’s solubility at a given volume and temperature.

Saturated Solution

Types of Solutions Based on the Solvent Phase

• The amount of solute is greater than the solute’s solubility at a given volume and temperature

• Done by dissolving a solute at a higher temperature, and subsequently cooling it down

Supersaturated Solution

In Supersaturated Solution

unstable → agitation causes ____.

Crystallization

Remember

In unsaturated solutions, the amount of solute is less than the solubility capacity of the solvent. In saturated solutions, the amount of solute is equal to the solubility capacity of the solvent. In supersaturated solutions, the amount of solute is greater than the solubility capacity of the solvent.

Types of Solutions Based on Concentration

• When a solution contains an excessively large amount of solute

• Most common unit of concentration: molarity (M)

• Molarities > 1 M

• Used as stock solutions in preparing diluted solution

Types of Solutions Based on Concentration

• Solution of low concentration

• Prepared through the process of dilution

1. taking an aliquot (portion of the stock solution)

2. adding more solvent to lower the concentration

Diluted Solution

Write true if the following statement is true. Otherwise, write false.

1. A carbonated drink is an example of liquid-liquid solutions.

2. Amalgam is a solution of liquid mercury in gold.

3. An aliquot has the same concentration as the stock solution.

Classify the following solutions based on the classification scheme provided.

1. based on the phase of the solvent: air

2. based on concentration: 0.5 M potassium permanganate, KMnO4

3. based on the phase of the solvent: rubbing alcohol

Classify the following solutions based on the classification scheme provided.

based on the phase of the solvent: air

based on concentration: 0.5 M potassium permanganate, KMnO4

based on the phase of the solvent: rubbing alcohol

The pure substance present in lesser amounts is the ____.

Solute

The more abundant substance is the ____.

Solvent

Liquid solutions are solutions where the solvent is a ___.

Solid solutions are solutions where the solvent is ___.

Gaseous solutions are solutions where the solvent is a ___.

liquid

solid

gas

A solution in which the amount of solute is less than the solute’s solubility at a given volume and temperature is called an ___.

Unsaturated solution

A solution in which the amount of solute is equal to the solute’s solubility at a given volume and temperature is called a ___.

Saturated solution

A solution in which the amount of solute greater than the solute’s solubility at a given volume and temperature is called a ___.

Supersaturated solution

Solutions can be classified as ___ and ___.

diluted and concentrated.

Solutions are ___ when it contains an excessively large amount of solute.

concentrated

A ___ has a lower concentration than the concentrated, stock solution.

dilute solution