HTH 101 exam 2

atherosclerosis

Narrowing of arteries due to plaque accumulation

Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease

Blockage of coronary artery causes heart attack
blockage of cerebral artery causes a stroke

Myocardial infarction

A heart attack.

Angina

Arteries narrowed, stressed heart.

Angina pectoris

chest pain relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

Arrythmias

sudden cardiac death

Cardiac defibrillation

AEDs

Techniques for diagnosing CV disease

ECG (electrocardiogram)
Angiography
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ultrafast computed tomography (CT)
Coronary calcium scan

Electrocardiogram

record of the heart’s electrical activity

angiography

catheter through the heart’s arteries a dye is injected, and an X-ray discovers blockages. more accurate than an ECG

Position emission topography

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan produces three-dimensional images of the heart as blood flows through it. During a PET scan, a patient, both at rest and during exercise, receives an intravenous injection of a radioactive tracer.

Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses powerful magnets to look inside the body. Computer-generated pictures can show the heart muscle and help physicians identify damage from a heart attack, diagnose congenital heart defects, and evaluate disease of larger blood vessels, such as the aorta.

Ultrafast Computed tomography

Ultrafast computed tomography (CT) is an especially fast form of heart X ray designed to evaluate bypass grafts, diagnose ventricular function, and measure calcium deposits.

coronary calcium scan

Coronary calcium scan, also known as a heart scan, is a specialized X-ray test that provides pictures of your heart that can help your doctor detect and measure calcium-containing plaque in your arteries.

what percent of coronary angioplasty includes a stent

70-90%

Coronary bypass surgery

catheter inserted to place a stent to widen an artery.

Angioplasty

technique where a catheter with a balloon inserts a stent to widen the artery

When does Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) need to be given intravenously to significantly reduce damage to the brain?

4.5 hours

Ischemic stroke

blood clot or plaque travels into the brain and blocks an artery from getting blood flow, starting necrosis

Peripheral Arterial Disease

atherosclerosis in the limbs

pulmonary edema

fluid accumulates in the lungs

Congenital heart defects (CHDs)

babies are born with this, genetic, These are heart conditions that a baby is born with. They can affect the heart’s shape or how it works or both. CHDs are the most common types of birth defects. They can be mild or serious. Critical congenital heart defects (also called critical CHDs or critical congenital heart disease) are the most serious CHDs. Babies with critical CHDs need surgery or other treatment within the first year of life. Without treatment, critical CHDs can cause serious health problems and death.

Rheumatic heart disease

•An untreated streptococcal infection can lead to rheumatic fever, which causes permanent damage to the heart muscle and valves

•Early diagnosis of these infections and treatment with antibiotics are key to preventing rheumatic fever.

•Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

—most common heart valve disorder

Normal blood pressure

120/80

Which type of cholesterol adds to the development of atherosclerosis?

LDL / low-density cholesterol.

high blood pressure

130/85 mm Hg or higher (one or both numbers)

High triglyceride level

150 mg/dl or higher

Low HDL level

Less than 50 mg/dl for women

Less than 40 mg/dl for men

High fasting blood sugar

100 mg/dl or higher