mook study set

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, schizophrenia classifications, and psychopharmacological drug actions from the test bank for Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology.

Broca area

A region of the left frontal lobe responsible for motor speech; damage typically results in the inability to speak, known as motor aphasia.

Wernickes area

An area located in the temporal lobe involved in verbal language function, including both receptive and expressive speech.

g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

The principle inhibitory neurotransmitter; medications that enhance this system provide an antianxiety effect.

Donepezil (Aricept)

A medication used in the early stage of Alzheimers disease to manage acetylcholine deficiency by inhibiting cholinesterase.

Parietal lobe

The part of the brain responsible for associating and processing sensory information, including distinguishing right from left and calculating mathematical problems.

Hypothalamus

A brain structure responsible for the regulation of sleep-rest patterns, body temperature, and physical drives such as hunger.

Hippocampus

A brain structure that plays a major role in short-term memory and learning.

Neuroplasticity

A concept describing the brain's ability to learn and adapt, which can be influenced by age.

Neologism

A newly coined word having meaning only for the patient, often associated with autistic thinking in schizophrenia.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

A potentially fatal disorder characterized by high fever, unstable blood pressure, and muscle rigidity.

Dystonic reactions

Extrapyramidal symptoms including spasmodic movements of muscle groups such as tongue protrusion, oculogyric crisis, and torticollis; approximately $90\%$ occur in the first $72$ hours of therapy.

Akathisia

An extrapyramidal effect characterized by subjective feelings of anxiety and restlessness, accompanied by pacing and the inability to remain in one place.

Tardive dyskinesia

A condition characterized by persistent involuntary hyperkinetic movements, which may become irreversible.

Agranulocytosis

A high-incidence complication associated with the use of clozapine (Clozaril) that requires weekly white blood cell (WBC) counts for the first $6$ months.

Hypertensive crisis

A major potential complication of MAOI therapy occurring when dietary restrictions on tyramine are not followed; symptoms include severe occipital headache and stiff neck.

SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

A class of antidepressants that do not cause the anticholinergic and cardiovascular adverse effects often seen with tricyclic antidepressants.

Lithium (Eskalith)

The drug of choice for treating acute mania and for prophylactic treatment of recurrent manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorders.

Potency

A term for antipsychotic medication that refers only to the milligram doses used and does not suggest a difference in effectiveness.

Depot antipsychotic medication

Long-acting injections that may be used with nonadherent patients to assist in avoiding repeated hospital admissions.

Executive functions

Cognitive tasks including reasoning, planning, prioritizing, sequencing behavior, judgment, and responding to social cues.

Chronobiology

The study of internal and external triggers that elicit biologic rhythm changes, which can influence clinical depression.

Somatic nervous system

The system that provides sensory and motor innervation for peripheral nerves.

Blood-brain barrier

A barrier that controls the chemical environment of the brain by allowing easy entrance to only a few chemicals, such as oxygen.

Glucose

The substance that provides the majority of the fuel needs for the neurologic system.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia such as apathy, avolition, and blunted affect, which may be the result of actual brain dysfunction.

Positive symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, delusions, and rhyming forms of speech.

Psychosocial rehabilitation

A process that helps patients readjust to community living by promoting the development of social and job skills.

Neurotrophic factors

Factors that contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis by promoting the growth and survival of neurons.

Synaptic cleft

The area where the electrical intracellular signal becomes a chemical one during neuronal transmission.

Polysomnography

A diagnostic test that involves the recording of an electroencephalogram (EEG) throughout the night.