Histology SIU SOM -- Skeletal Tissue

The term "connective tissue matrix" refers to:

a. fibroblasts

b. white blood cells

c. nerves and blood vessels

d. extracellular fibers and ground substance

e. macrophages, mast cells and adipocytes

d. extracellular fibers and ground substance

In ordinary connective tissue, the predominant component of ground substance is:

a. collagen

b. elastin

c. fibrin

d. hyaluronic acid

e. water

e. water

Which connective tissue component is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility?

a. collagen

b. elastin

c. glycosaminoglycan

d. fibroblasts

e. lipid

a. collagen

Which type of connective tissue is avascular and further characterized by ground substance in the form of a firm, resilient solid with a high proportion of glycosaminoglycans and with cells isolated in lacunae?

a. adipose tissue

b. tendon

c. cartilage

d. bone

e. areolar tissue

c. cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is highly vascular, with mineralized matrix consisting of collagen fibers embedded in calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite), and with cells located individually in lacunae?

a. adipose tissue

b. tendon

c. cartilage

d. bone

e. areolar tissue

d. bone

In ordinary connective tissue, the cells which secrete collagen and elastin are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. chondroblasts

c. osteoblasts

d. osteoclasts

e. osteocytes

a. fibroblasts

Cells which secrete the components of cartilage matrix are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. chondroblasts

c. osteoblasts

d. osteoclasts

e. osteocytes

b. chondroblasts

Cells which secrete the components of bone matrix are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. chondroblasts

c. osteoblasts

d. osteoclasts

e. osteocytes

c. osteoblasts

In bone and cartilage, a small space that contains an individual cell is called a/an:

a. osteon

b. Haversian canal

c. matrix element

d. lacuna

e. lamellae

d. lacuna

Resting cells within cartilage lacunae are called:

a. fibrocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. chondroblasts

d. chondrocytes

e. osteocytes

d. chondrocytes

Resting cells within bony lacunae are called:

a. fibrocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. chondroblasts

d. chondrocytes

e. osteocytes

e. osteocytes

In bone, the fine channels which interconnect adjacent lacunae are called:

a. osteons

b. Haversian canals

c. canaliculi

d. lacunae

e. lamellae

c. canaliculi

In bone, a longitudinal channel containing a blood vessel is called a/an:

a. osteon

b. Haversian canal

c. matrix element

d. lacuna

e. canaliculus

b. Haversian canal

The thin layers of matrix which comprise solid bone are called:

a. osteons

b. Haversian canals

c. matrix elements

d. lacunae

e. lamellae

e. lamellae

A Haversian canal together with its encircling lamellae is called a/an:

a. osteon (or Haversian system)

b. Haversian canal

c. matrix element

d. lacuna

e. canaliculus

a. osteon (or Haversian system)

Cells which remove bone matrix during remodeling are called:

a. fibroblasts

b. chondroblasts

c. osteoblasts

d. osteoclasts

e. osteocytes

d. osteoclasts

Bone formation within a pre-existing cartilage model is called:

a. intramembranous bone formation

b. extra membranous bone formation

c. endochondral bone formation

d. trabecular bone formation

e. cancellous bone formation

c. endochondral bone formation

Bone formation without a pre-existing cartilage model is called:

a. intramembranous bone formation

b. extra membranous bone formation

c. endochondral bone formation

d. trabecular bone formation

e. cancellous bone formation

a. intramembranous bone formation

Bone marrow consists of:

a. hematopoietic tissue and adipocytes

b. collagen

c. ordinary loose connective tissue

d. mucus connective tissue

e. soft cartilage

a. hematopoietic tissue and adipocytes

Which of the following is characterized by several nuclei per cell?

a. osteocyte

b. osteoblast

c. osteoclast

d. chondrocyte

e. chondroblast

c. osteoclast

The activity of osteoclasts is stimulated, increasing blood calcium levels, by secretion from the:

a. thyroid follicles

b. adrenal cortex

c. parathyroid

d. thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells)

e. neurohypophysis

c. parathyroid

The activity of osteoclasts is inhibited, decreasing blood calcium levels, by secretion from the:

a. thyroid follicles

b. adrenal cortex

c. parathyroid

d. thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells)

e. neurohypophysis

d. thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells)

Interstitial lamellae represent:

a. layers of bone deposited in the spaces remaining after primary osteon formation

b. remnants of former osteons that have been altered by bone remodeling

c. smooth layers of bone on the surfaces of joints

d. layers of bone formed by interstitial growth

e. layers of cartilage formed by interstitial growth

b. remnants of former osteons that have been altered by bone remodeling

Elongation of long bones is accomplished by growth at the:

a. epiphyseal plate

b. diaphysis

c. metaphysis

d. periosteum

e. cement lines

a. epiphyseal plate

Which type of cartilage is found in the tracheal rings and articular surface of bones and is the precursor of bone in the developing skeleton?

a. fibrocartilage

b. hyaline cartilage

c. elastic cartilage

b. hyaline cartilage

Which type of cartilage is found in intervertebral disks and the pubic symphysis?

a. fibrocartilage

b. hyaline cartilage

c. elastic cartilage

a. fibrocartilage

In the restructuring of the skeleton, bone remodeling:

a. follows a cycle in which bone formation alternates with resorption

b. occurs exclusively in adult bone

c. occurs independently of soft tissue growth and external forces

d. only occurs at the epiphyses of long bones

e. results in the formation of cement lines

a. follows a cycle in which bone formation alternates with resorption

The term most nearly synonymous to "cancellous bone" is:

a. dense bone

b. compact bone

c. lamellar bone

d. woven bone

e. spongy bone

e. spongy bone

The term most nearly synonymous to "dense bone" is:

a. spongy bone

b. compact bone

c. lamellar bone

d. woven bone

e. cancellous bone

b. compact bone

The term most nearly opposite to "lamellar bone" is:

a. dense bone

b. compact bone

c. trabecular bone

d. woven bone

e. cancellous bone

d. woven bone

In compact bone, osteocytes which are not adjacent to capillaries receive or exchange nutrients and metabolites by means of:

a. processes contacting other osteocytes along canaliculi

b. lymph drainage through central (Haversian) canals

c. diffusion through the bony matrix

d. fenestrations in medullar vessels

e. active transport across the endosteum

a. processes contacting other osteocytes along canaliculi