Volcanoes

Caldera

\- a volcanic feature that resembles a cooking pot.

Mid ocean ridges

\- When two plates move away from each other, a gap is formed between them.

Convection

\- method of heat transfer by which cold, dense material sinks, whereas hot, less dense material rises.

Tephra

flows- consist of volcanic rocks and crystals.

Volcanic particles

that are ejected into the atmosphere block the sunlight.

Buoyancy

\- the ability to float in the fluid.

Lahar

\- a type of mudflow that consists of water, volcanic ash, pyroclastic materials, and debris.

Solubility

\- the amount of gases that magma can hold.

Summit

\- apex or the highest point, contains the crater.

Conduit

\- pipe or channel that conveys the magma.

Crust

\- the outermost layer of the Earth.

Hot Spot

\- an area in the mantle where rocks melt because of the intense heat.

Magma Chamber Magma Reservoir

\- a large underground pool of molten rocks.

Viscosity

\- the higher the temperature, the less viscous.

Silica Content

\- the higher the silica content, the higher the viscous.

Subduction

\- two plates of different densities collide, and the denser (oceanic) plate moves beneath the less dense (continental) plate.

Trenches

\- areas where plates collide, marked by long, deep depression.

Crater

\- mouth of a volcano.

deep underground

Hot water is pumped from ________ through a well under high pressure.

Lava tubes

\- hardened basaltic flows that commonly contain cave- like tunnels.

Amount of dissolved gases

\- dissolved gases can not escape easily which results in an increase in pressure.

steam

The ________ spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity.

Pyroclastic materials

\- pulverized rocks, volcanic blocks, basaltic bombs, lava, ash, glass fragments, and gases that volcanoes eject from the vent.

Rhyolitic lava flow

________- has high viscosity.

Pyroclastic surge

\- a high- velocity current of rocks, gases, or water.

Cinder Cone

________ or Scoria Cone- a steep, conical hill of volcanic debris deposited around a volcanic vent.

Andesitic lava flow

________- has a high viscosity.

Pyroclastic

________ flow- a flow of hot, dry mass of gases and fragments.

Active Volcanoes

________- erupted within the last 600 years.

Plate Tectonic Theory

________- Earth's outer shell (lithosphere) is divided into several plates that glide over the Earth's rocky inner layer above the softcore (mantle)

Volcanic ashes

________ are utilized as soil fertilizer.