Pediatric Ultrasound- FINAL Exam Review

What structure is the yellow arrow pointing to?

 

lateral ventricle

 

cavum septum pellucidum

 

pons

 

cerebellum

b

Identify the structure noted at the yellow asterisk. 

 

frontal lobe

 

corpus callosum

 

lateral ventricle

 

cisterna magna

d

What sonographic plane is used in this neonatal brain image?

 

oblique

 

transverse

 

sagittal

 

coronal

What is the bright, echogenic structure in this neonatal brain image? (yellow arrows)

 

lateral ventricle

 

choroid plexus

 

thalamus

 

germinal matrix

b

In this sagittal image, what is the structure highlighted in the pink dotted line?

 

germinal matrix

 

thalamus

 

corpus callosum

 

cerebellum

 

c

What fontanelle is being used for this encephalogram scan?

 

anterior fontanelle

 

posterior fontanelle

 

mastoid fontanelle

 

sphenoid fontanelle

a

You are most lateral in the neonatal brain. What structure is the white arrow pointing to?

 

tentorium

 

choroid plexus

 

sylvian fissure

 

cerebellum

c

You are visualizing the choroid plexus in this coronal view. 

What part of the brain are you in?

 

posterior

 

lateral

 

midline

 

anterior

a

The arrow is pointing to an important area within the neonatal brain. What is another name for the caudothalamic groove?

 

germinal matrix

 

genu

 

choroid plexus

 

corpus callosum

a

Which ventricle is the arrow pointing to?

 

fourth ventricle

 

lateral ventricle

 

third ventricle

 

anterior ventricle

c

Identify the structures at the white arrows. 

 

third ventricles

 

cavum septum pellucidums

 

Sylvian fissures

 

lateral ventricles

d

Which fontanelle provides the best views for a neonatal encephalogram?

 

anterior

 

posterior

 

temporal

 

mastoidal

a

Which artery is important to doppler and assess during a neonatal encephalogram?

 

middle cerebral artery

 

anterior cerebral artery

 

internal carotid artery

 

posterior communicating artery

b

What are raised ridges or folds within the brain?

 

separations

 

sulci

 

gyri

 

ventricles

c

Which structure is an important landmark in this sagittal midline image of the brain that clearly identifies you're in the correct spot?

 

caudate nucleus

 

Sylvian fissure

 

choroid plexus

 

cerebellum

d

What is pyloric stenosis?

inflammation of the pylorus

thickening of the pyloric muscle causing gastric outlet obstruction

spasm of the pyloric sphincter

congenital absence of the pylorus

b

At what age does pyloric stenosis commonly present?

newborn 0-1 week

2-6 weeks of age

6-12 months

1-2 years

b

Which symptom is classically associated with pyloric stenosis?

bloody diarrhea

projectile non-bilious vomiting

bilious vomiting

constipation

b

What measurement suggests pyloric stenosis?

anterior wall <3mm

posterior wall <3mm

channel >16mm

channel <10mm

c

Pyloric stenosis is more common in females.

true

false

b

In what plane do you see a target sign with pyloric stenosis?

longitudinal

sagittal

prone

transverse

d

What is the normal wall thickness for the pylorus?

>5mm

>3mm

<3mm

=5mm

c

You see contents passing through the pyloric channel but the walls are thickened. What could this possibly represent?

thickened pyloric stenosis

intussusception

pylorospasm

appendicitis

c

What plane do you see the fluid contents passing through the pylorus channel?

transverse

caudal

longitudinal

diagonal

c

What is a true clinical sign of pyloric stenosis?

weight gain

weight loss

itchy stomach

vomiting only

b