Nurs Exam 2

American Nurses Association

sets the standard and values (Code of ethics)

rules that apply to all nurses

accountability

you are accountable for your actions

ask why youre doing it, if youre trained, does it align with NPA, is it patients best interest

Nurse Practice Act (NPA)

law and must be followed

everything a nurse can and cannot do (list of rules and consequences)

Board of Nursing (BON)

enforces laws of NPA

issues nursing licenses and makes sure they stay up to date

power to discipline

consequences of breaking NPA

formal reprimand, period of probation, revoked license, fines

negligence

failure to act in responsible / prudent manner

unintentional tort

malpractice

type of negligence; failure of professional person with specialized training to act in a responsible prudent manner

unintentional tort

gross negligence

reckless act that reflects a continuous disregard for patients welfare

criminal negligence

so reckless that results in serious injury/death

sentinel event

unintentional adverse outcome that results in death, paralysis, coma, or other major permanent loss of function

(wrong surgery site, sewerslide, falling resulting in passing)

standard of practice

what is expected of every nurse

liabilty

asserts that everyone is responsible for the wrong or injury done to another as a result of carelessness

Floating and Cross training liability

you have the legal duty to refuse specific tasks if you cannot complete it safely or competently

Risk management

be objective, just the facts when reporting a wrong/risk

intentional torts

direct violation of patients rights

intentional tort assult

causing patient to fear they will be touched without consent

intentional tort battery

unauthorized touching or actual harmful touch to the patient

advance directives

patients wishes made known (their living will)

(right to refuse treatment if no hope of recovery)

DNR

do not resistate (no CPR)

Durable power of attorney (MPOA)

document that states who the patient decides will make their day-to-day or end-of-life decisions

informed consent (what info must be provided) (5)

nature of therapy/procedure

expected benefits and outcomes

potential risks

alternative therapies

risks if not performed

AMA

Leaving against medical advice

nurse must notify provider and explain to patient the dangers

metric system

used 98% of the time

(moving the decimal)

commas

DO NOT USE COMMAS unless its for “units” greater than 5 numbers

figures after decimal point

three figures

leading zero

ALWAYS add a leading zero before fraction if there is no other whole number

trailing zeros

NEVER add a trailing zero

metric system length

meter

metric system weight

gram

metric system volume

liter

kilometer = x meters

1000

meter = x milimeters

1000

capitalizing metric abbreviations

always lowercased except Liter (L, m, k, mc, c, g)

spaces between numbers and units

ALWAYS use a space to separate numbers from unit

pounds to kg

2.2lbs = 1 kg

mL to oz

30 mL = 1 oz

mL to cm

1 mL = 1 cc (cubic centimeter)

tsp to mL

1 tsp = 5 mL

tsp to Tbsp

3 tsp = 1 Tbsp

Tbsp to mL

1 Tbsp = 15 mL

Tbsp to oz

2 Tbsp = 1 oz

using “units” as unit

ALWAYS lowercase

NEVER abbreviate

use a comma if there are more than 5 numbers

what is measured in “units”

drugs; insulin, penicillin, heparin

percentages are used for what

intravenous solutions

mEq

milliequivalent (grams of drug in 1 mL of solution)

(ex 30 mEq)

ratios are used for what

solutions

( drug : part of solution)

gtt

drop (abbreviation)

numerator

top of fraction

denominator

bottom of fraction

MAR

Medication, Administration, Record

all past and future medications

8 rights of MAR

right drug, right dose, right time, right recording, right route, right patient

right reason, right response

3x you check the drug

when you pull, before you open, and before you give

colons for time

NEVER use colons, use military time 0000

1200

noon

2400

midnight

how to identify patient

by band and asking name, never use bed or room number

ung

ointment

A.C

in morning

P.C

at night

NS (N/S)

normal saline (0.9%)

per

by

Stat.

immediately

5 steps after making an error

asses (patient), report, determine (reason for error), complete, correct

reasons for medical errors

fatigue, distraction, stress, complacency (cutting corners)

leadership

guiding or influencing outcomes, beliefs, opinions or behavoirs

power

ability to motivate or influence others with or without authority

transactional leadership

gets results using a reward/penalty system

transformational leadership

inspires staff to go above and beyond toward a shared vision through collaboration

authority

legitimate right to direct others, given by the employer through an official position

autocratic/ authoritative

manager in charge makes quick decisions

democratic/ participative

takes more time, manager and staff ask for feedback and ideas

laissez-faire

manager gives decision making authority to group

5 functions of a manager

plan, organize, staff, direct, and control

delegation

transferring authority and responsibility to a competent staff member (RN keeps accountability)

highest authority in hospital

hospital supervisor

leadership vs management

influencing and creates vision

vs coordinating resources, organizes, and creates goals

power vs authority

leader vs manager

motivation vs title and authority

informal vs formal

reactive leadership

day to day focus

telling style

reward and penalty

waits until problem to correct

proactive leadership

vision focus

selling style

motivate, influence and inspire

planning

identify needs and decide what to do next

organize

use of resources and assigning duties

staffing

recruit, hire, train, schedule

direct

guide and supervise, motivating climate, good instructions

control

ensure goals are met, establish standards, determine actions if goals are not met

nurses can delegate

nursing tasks (washing, dressing)

nurses cannot delegate

nursing practice - assessment and evaluation

cirulation provdes

nourishment, cleanup, communication

two parts of circulatory system

heart and blood vessels

name of chambers

left and right

valve names (2)

atrium and ventricle

coron/o

vessels supplying blood + O2 to the heart

three circulations

pulmonary, systemic, and coronary

pulmonary circulation

heart to lungs

systemic circulation

heart to body

coronary circulation

heart to heart muscle

3 vessels

arteries, capillaries, and veins

artery vessel

heart to body

capillaries vessel

link arteries to veins

veins vessel

body to heart

angioplasty

reconstruction of a vessel