pscl 101 exam 2: reasoning and decision-making #4

executive function

goal-directed neurocognitive processes that underlie self-control of thought, action, and emotion

deductive reasoning

use general rules to draw conclusions about specific information

inductive reasoning

examine specific information to make inferences about general rules

normative approach

how rational humans would be expected to think and reason

descriptive approach

how humans actually think and reason in real life

heurisitic mode/automatic system

-fast, intuitive, efficient

-less cognitively demanding

analytic mode/controlled system

-slow, deliberate, effortful

-more cognitively demanding

confirmation bias

we seek to confirm, rather than disprove, our theories

availability bias

We rely on info that is most readily available in our minds, and ignore info that is less available

predictable world bias

We tend to perceive and/or expect patterns when there are none

framing effects

Reasoning about info tends to be influenced by how that info is framed

anchoring effects

Reasoning tends to be influenced by "anchors" or set points

representativeness heuristic

We rely on "representative" information when judging the likelihood of something, even if this ignores baseline rates or statistical probabilities