antphys anatomy of cell

what is cytoplasm

everything inside the cell membrane except the nucleus

what is cytosol

cytosol is the viscous (jelly like) part of cytoplasm

what does viscous mean

thick (jelly like)

what are organelles

tiny structures inside cell, each perform special functions

what are inclusions

packaged products that store things (can accumulate and burst things out like a mailman that sends things out)

what do lysosomes do

they are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes (break down nutrients, digest old organelles, destroy micro invaders, remove protein accumulations) (L = Love to clean up or Little clean up crew)

what is fluid mosaic

a constantly changing pattern of portents and fluid between 2 sides of lipid bilayer (fluid = liquid, Mosaic = Membrane is made of many Molecules)

what is protein mosaic

protiens found within or on surface of cell membrane (mosaic = membrane, proteins on membrane) (kind of like chocolate chip cookies, cookie dough = membrane, chocolate chips = protein)

what does mRNA do

carries instructions for making proteins (M=Making)

what does tRNA do

brings amino acids to ribosome (T=Transfer)

what are amino acids

building blocks of protiens (A=Assemble protiens)

what do ribosomes do

connect amino acids to make protiens (Really build protiens)

what are fixed organelles

attached to endoplasmic reticulum (fixed = to fix something onto something means to be attached to something)

true or false? if protiens from ribosome doesn’t fold correctly it can cause disease

true

what is the double helix of a DNA strand called

sugar phosphate backbone (made of sugar and phosphate)

where are the nitrogenous bases

the steps in the middle of a DNA strand

what are the nitrogenous bases names

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

how much percentage of water compromises an animals body

60%

how much percentage of an animas body is intracellular fluid

40% (intracellular = inside of cell)

how much percentage of an animals body is extracellular fluid

20% (extracellular = outside of cell)

what are examples of cations

sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg2), hydrogen (H) (ALL are positively (+) charged, t in the word cation = + symbol)

what are examples of anions

chloride (Cl) bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate (ALL are negatively (-) charged, an- = without, so without charge)

what is osmolality

measurement of solute concentration in fluid/how concentrated is this liquid (how much stuff is dissolved in fluid)

true or false? passive membrane process requires energy from ATP

false

what is simple diffusion

substances moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration (simple, just goes from high to low)

what is facilitated diffusion

substances moving from an area to high concentration to low concentration through a protein channel or carrier (something facilitates the diffusion)

what is osmosis

water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (O= Only water moves)

what is filtration

hydrostatic pressure forces fluid through membrane (to filter something you need pressure to push it out)

what are factors affecting membrane passage

molecular size and lipid solubility (if not lipid soluble it cant pass)