Apush mp2 compacted flash card deck

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Market Revolution (early–mid-1800s)

Economic shift toward factories, wage labor, and national markets, driven by transportation and technology.

Erie Canal (1825)

Connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River, lowering shipping costs and boosting trade.

Transportation Revolution

Canals, roads, steamboats, and railroads connected regions and expanded national markets.

Factory System

Centralized production using machines and wage labor; transformed work and economic life.

Lowell System (1820s–1840s)

Textile mills employed young women for wages, often under strict rules and long hours.

Second Great Awakening (1790s–1840s)

Protestant revival movement emphasizing individual salvation and inspiring reform movements.

Charles Grandison Finney

Revivalist preacher who encouraged emotional religious conversion and moral reform.

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery through speeches, newspapers, and activism.

William Lloyd Garrison / The Liberator (1831)

Abolitionist who demanded immediate emancipation through his influential newspaper.

Frederick Douglass

Formerly enslaved abolitionist whose autobiography and speeches exposed slavery's brutality.

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

First major women's rights convention; demanded equality, including women's suffrage.

Declaration of Sentiments (1848)

Document modeled on the Declaration of Independence, demanding women's equality.

Transcendentalism (1830s–1840s)

Movement emphasizing individual conscience, nature, self-reliance, and challenging conformity.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Authorized removal of Native nations from southeastern lands to territories west of the Mississippi.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Supreme Court ruled Georgia could not regulate Cherokee territory; ruling was not effectively enforced.

Trail of Tears (1838–1839)

Forced Cherokee removal west under harsh conditions; thousands died.

Jacksonian Democracy (1820s–1830s)

Expanded political participation for white men while reinforcing racial and gender exclusion.

Election of 1824 / Corrupt Bargain

House chose John Quincy Adams; Jackson's supporters accused Adams and Clay of a corrupt deal.

Nullification Crisis (1832–1833)

South Carolina challenged federal tariffs; Jackson opposed nullification and defended federal authority.

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

High protective tariff angered many Southerners and helped trigger the Nullification Crisis.

Bank War (1832–1836)

Jackson fought the Second Bank, vetoing its recharter and removing federal deposits.

Panic of 1837

Severe economic depression caused by multiple factors, including banking instability and credit problems.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Jefferson bought a vast territory from France, doubling U.S. land and encouraging westward expansion.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review: the Supreme Court's power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Embargo Act (1807)

Jefferson halted U.S. overseas trade to pressure Britain and France; it badly hurt American merchants.

War of 1812 (1812–1815)

War with Britain over impressment and trade restrictions; increased American nationalism.

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Ended the War of 1812; largely restored prewar boundaries.

Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)

Successful revolution against slavery and French rule; frightened slaveholders and influenced U.S. debates.

Cotton Gin (1793; patented 1794)

Eli Whitney's invention made short-staple cotton processing faster, helping expand slavery.

Cotton Revolution (early–mid-1800s)

Rapid cotton expansion increased plantation wealth, land seizure, and demand for enslaved labor.

Domestic Slave Trade (early–mid-1800s)

Forced sale and movement of enslaved people from the Upper South to the expanding Deep South.

Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)

Enslaved-led uprising in Virginia that intensified white Southern fears and led to harsher restrictions.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state; restricted slavery north of 36°30′.

Tecumseh and Native Resistance (early 1800s)

Tecumseh sought Native unity to resist U.S. expansion; his death in 1813 weakened the movement.

Market Revolution and Slavery

Connection: Northern industry and transportation grew alongside Southern cotton production, deepening economic interdependence.

Abolitionism and Women's Rights

Connection: Women active in antislavery organizing faced discrimination, helping inspire the women's rights movement.