DCUSH Test #1

Christopher Columbus

An Italian explorer credited with the European discovery of the Americas in 1492.

Bartolome de Las Casas

A Spanish missionary/clergyman who advocated for the rights of Native Americans and opposed their enslavement.

John Smith

An English soldier and explorer who played a crucial role in establishing Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America. Saved by Pocahontas from execution

John Rolfe

An English settler known for introducing tobacco cultivation in Virginia, which became a cash crop. Husband of Pochahontas

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a leading figure in the Puritan settlement. “City on a Hill”

John Locke

An English philosopher whose ideas of government and natural rights influenced American political thought. Life, Liberty, Property

Powhatan

The leader of a confederation of Native American tribes in Virginia at the time of English colonization. The tribe loses independence after the War

Pocahontas

A Native American woman who played a significant role in mediating relations between the Powhatan tribe and English settlers.

William Penn

The founder of Pennsylvania, known for promoting religious tolerance and good relations with Native Americans.

Roger Williams

A Puritan minister who founded Rhode Island and advocated for the separation of church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who challenged the religious authorities and feminist in Massachusetts and was banished for her beliefs.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 in Virginia.

Plymouth

The site of the first successful English colony in New England, established by the Pilgrims in 1620.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A significant Puritan settlement established in 1630, known for its religious and political influence.

Virginia

The first colony established in America, known for its tobacco plantations and reliance on indentured servants and slaves.

Maryland

A colony founded as a refuge for Catholics, known for its Act of Toleration. Lord Baltimore. Tobacco

South Carolina

A southern colony known for its plantation economy and reliance on slave labor. Rice

Rhode Island

A colony founded on principles of religious freedom and separation of church and state.

Pennsylvania

A colony founded by William Penn, known for its Quaker population and religious tolerance.

Southern Colonies

Characterized by plantation agriculture, reliance on slave labor, and a warmer climate.

New England Colonies

Known for small farms, fishing, and a more diverse economy, with a colder climate.

Encomiendas

A Spanish labor system that granted colonists the right to demand tribute and forced labor from Native Americans.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World.

Indentured Servants

Individuals who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America and land.

Cash Crops

Crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar that were grown for sale and profit, primarily in southern colonies.

Act of Toleration (1649)

A Maryland law that granted religious freedom to all Christians.

House of Burgesses

The first legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement made by the Pilgrims to govern themselves in their new colony.

Pilgrims

English settlers who sought religious freedom and established Plymouth Colony.

Puritans

A religious group that sought to purify the Church of England and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Quakers

A religious group known for their belief in equality and pacifism, prominent in Pennsylvania.

Salem Witch Trials

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts.

Pope’s (Pueblo) Rebellion

A 1680 uprising of Pueblo Indians against Spanish colonizers in New Mexico to resist religious oppression, forced labor, and land encroachment by Spanish settlers; aimed to restore traditional Pueblo culture and autonomy.

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Conflicts between English settlers and Powhatan tribes in Virginia during the early 1600s. Competition for land and resources, cultural misunderstandings, and escalating tensions over trade and settlement expansion.

Pequot War

A conflict between Pequot Indians and English settlers in New England in the 1630s. Resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot nation. Competition over trade, land disputes, and colonial expansion led to tensions and violent confrontations. Tried to assimilate but failed.

Metacom’s (King Philip’s) War

A conflict between Native American tribes and English settlers in New England from 1675 to 1676. Tensions over land encroachment and against colonial expansion.

Navigation Acts

Laws that regulated colonial trade and enabled England to collect taxes from the colonies.

Molasses Act

A British law that imposed a tax on molasses imported into the colonies, leading to colonial resentment.

Salutary Neglect

A British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws in the colonies.

Headright System

A system that granted land to settlers in Virginia as an incentive for colonization.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A 1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government. Discontent with Governor William Berkeley's policies, particularly regarding Native American relations and lack of protection for frontier settlements.

Atlantic Slave Trade

The transatlantic trade of enslaved Africans to the

Stono Rebellion

Enslaved Africans revolted against their masters in South Carolina. Largest slave rebellion, resulted in stricter slave codes and increased fear among slaveholders. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed.

The Middle Passage

The brutal sea voyage that transported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. It involved overcrowded ships, inhumane conditions, and high mortality rates.