Psychology Research Methods and Emotion Concepts Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes covering psychological research methods, scientific terminology, evolutionary concepts, and theories of emotion.

R value Negative

One value goes up and the other goes down

R value Positive

Both increase together

R value 0

No correlation

Null hypothesis testing

Testing whether there is no real effect or difference

Double blind experiment

Both the researcher and participants are unaware of who is getting real treatment vs who is not

Inductive reasoning

Using a specific observation to make a general conclusion (Small to big)

Deductive reasoning

Using a general rule to make a specific claim (Big to small)

Quasi experiment design

An experiment where researchers CANNOT randomly assign participants to groups

Case study

Studying one person, one group, or one situation very specifically

Longitudinal design

Studying the same people over a very long period of time

Construct

An abstract idea that you wanna study or measure

Operational definition

The specific way in which you measure a construct

Hypothesis

A testable prediction about what will happen

Empirical data

Information collected through observation or measurement

Francis Galtion

Genes and twins

Alphonse Chapanis

Studied human factors and how people interact with machines

Ethical Principles

Privacy, deception, confidentiality, debriefing

Type I Error

When a researcher concludes there is an effect when there really isn't one

Type II Error

When the researcher concludes that there isn't an effect when there really is one

Random Sampling

People chosen from a random population

Construct Validity

Whether your test actually measures what you say it measures

Placebo Effect

When someone behaves differently because they believe they are getting a real treatment

Participant observation

When a researcher watches people while participating in their group

Narrative assignment

When researchers ask people to describe their experience in their own words usually as a story

Null hypothesis

Prediction that there is no real effect

Intrasexual selection

Same sex competition; Male and male combat

Intersexual selection

Mate choice based on traits

P value

The probability of getting your results (Small– random, Big– not random)

Random Assignment

Already selected participants into specific experimental conditions

Scope

How broadly a theory applies

Authority

Relying on someone's credentials and status

Simplicity

Simplest explantation

Subjectivity

Personal opinions

Fruitfulness

New predictions

Anecdotal reasoning

Using individual stories

Falsifiability

Can the theory be tested/refuted

Reliability

Consistency

Validity

Measures what it's supposed to measure

Generalizability

Applies to other people/situations

Eisenberger

Social pain = physical pain

Vestigial

Traits that don't serve purposes any more but they used to

Inclusive fitness

Your own reproduction

EMT

Do the costlier thing

Dimorphism

When two sexes of the same species have different physical traits

Neotony

Wanting someone that looks younger

Exactation

A structure evolved for one function but is then co-opted and used for another

Statistical Interaction

When the effect of one variable depends on the level of the other variable

Overstating sex differences

Make differences between sexes seem larger than they actually are

Understating sex differences

Make differences between sexes seem smaller than they actually are

Essentializing

Treating a group's characteristics as fixed

Perceived stimulus

Something you notice or perceive in your environment

Physiological response

Automatic body reaction

Subjective feeling

Your personal conscious experience of an emotion

Cognitive label

Mentally naming what you're feeling

Common sense view of emotion

Perceived stimulus -> Subjective feeling -> Physiological response

James-Lange theory of emotion

The idea that you experience an emotion because you first have a physical response

Schachter and Singer's classic experiment

Physical arousal + cognitive interpretation of the situation -> emotional experience

Antonio Damasio's Somatic Marker Hypothesis

Your body's signal that helps you mark something as good or bad

Intrapersonal

Yourself

Interpersonal

Others

Cultural display rules

How and when we should display our emotions

Social constructiveness

People who believe emotions are shaped by society and culture

Self-Model

Your brains picture of who you are

North American Self-Model

Independent

East Asian

Interdependent

Affect Valuation Theory

Cultures differ in emotions they actually want to feel; Actual affect = how you really feel, Ideal affect = how you want to feel

Anecdotal evidence

Evidence based on personal stories