ap euro mu 5 nb 18 alternatives to absolutism

netherlands is also known as

united provinces of the netherlands

netherlands emerged in

17th century

netherlands were characterized by

• republican system with power shared among provinces and cities.

dutch republic government notable for its

• emphasis on commercial interests, religious tolerance, and decentralized decision-making

dutch republic had a complex system of _ and elected _ as executive head of state

• checks and balances, with elected “stadtholder” as executive head of state (with limited power)

Dutch Republic became prosperous _ nation

• maritime/commercial nation, strong navy, trade network

dutch republic Fostered culture of

• religious toleration, attracting intellectuals, artists, and merchants from all over EU

• As opposed to the rest of Europe, England and the Dutch Republic furthered the power of

• representative assemblies instead of kings

the __ in england had been a very powerful force in the government through parliament since the civil war

urban gentry

James II wanted, like those before him, to

•  rule as closely as possible to an absolute monarchy

James II was _ and it was very clear in his actions that he intended to _

catholic, give catholics more power and privilege

James II began to

dismiss judges and military officials, replacing them w catholics

• When James II began dismissing judges and military officials

     and replacing them with Catholics,

the largely Anglican and

     Puritan Parliament became concerned

Given James II’s ambitions, Parliament feared

• a Catholic

     takeover was inevitable

• To remedy the situation, and remove James II, Parliament

     invited

Dutch stadtholder William of Orange to invade England and take the throne

They promised to send their forces and supplies to aid of William ONLY if William agreed to their terms to

• limit his power and increase the powers of Parliament

when william arrived w his army,

• a large portion of James’ army defected to William

james II fled to __, where _ gave him refuge

france, where his cousin Louis XIV gave him refuge

The two things that concerned the gentry the most were

liberty and property

liberty

rights of the individual

property

money, businesses, land

liberty + property should be protected against the

• government arbitrarily taking it away

 these rights should not be alienated without the

‘consent’ (permission) of the governed 

ex. no new laws without approval by Parliament; no taking property without a fair trial, etc.

 Parliament made reforms designed to

•  protect citizens from a tyrannical government and required due process for any legal actions

Two major anti-absolutist reforms were made in England after the Glorious Revolution:

Parliamentary sovereignty and the English Bill of Rights

Parliamentary sovereignty:

• Parliament was an equal part of the government and could make or reject their own laws

• The English Bill of Rights (1689): did 3 things

1) Guaranteed freedom of speech for Parliament members

2) Eliminated cruel and unusual punishment; required trial by jury

3) Limited the monarchs’ power and established free elections for 

                      Parliament

England had therefore made the first

• official constitutional government by creating a limited, constitutional monarchy and protected people’s rights