ch8 Joints

fibrous

joints: joined by dense connective tissue, no cavity

fibrous

syndesmoses are type of _____ joint

fibrous

sutures are type of _____ joint

fibrous

gomphoses are type of _____ joint

syndesmoses

joint bound by sheet or bundle of conenctive tissue, can twist (like tibia and fibula bound together)

sutures

joint between bones of skull, no movement

gomphoses

joint where cone in stuck into socket (teeth), no movement

cartilaginous

joint: connected by cartilage, no cavity

(synchondroses, symphyses)

cartilaginous

synchondroses are type of _____ joint

cartilaginous

symphyses are type of _____ joint

synchondroses

joints united by bands of hyaline cartilage, essentially fused (such as epiphyseal plates of bones), no movement

symphyses

joints with hyaline cartilage lining and fibrocartilage pad, limited movement (pubis, between vertebrae)

synovial joint

joint that contains:

articular cavity

fluid

hyaline articular cartilage

a capsule

Types:

ball-and-socket

condylar

plane

hinge

pivot

saddle

hyaline articular cartilage

covers end of bones in synovial joints

outer fibrous capsule

what stabilizes synovial joint

lubricating fluid

inner synovial membrane of synovial joint produces ____

inner synovial membrane

what produces synovial fluid in synovial joint, inside the fibrous layer, holding fluid

articular cartilage

_____ receives nutrients from synovial fluid (bc it’s avascular)

bursae

fluid filled sacs that reduce friction of synovial joint

synovial

ball-and-socket is type of _____ joint

ball-and-socket (spheroidal)

ball shaped head inside socket of another joint

movements on all planes (multiaxial), including rotation

eg. shoulder, hip

synovial

condylar is type of _____ joint

condylar (ellipsoidal)

oval shaped condyle of one bone insdie of elliptical cavity of other

movement in two planes eg

knuckles at base of fingers go up/down, side/side

synovial

plane is type of _____ joint

plane (gliding)

articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved

sliding or twisting (nonaxial)

eg wrist, ankle

synovial

hinge is type of _____ joint

hinge

convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of bone on another

movement is flexion and extension (uniaxial)

eg elbow and distal finger joints

synovial

pivot is type of _____ joint

pivot (trochoid)

cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament

rotation around central axis (uniaxial)

eg b/w first two vertebrae (atlantoaxial joint)

synovial

saddle is type of _____ joint

saddle (sellar)

articulting surfaces have both concave and convex regions, surface of one fits in the surface of the other

movement mainly in 2 planes (biaxial)

eg base of thumb

capsule(s)

ligament(s)

(nearby) tendon(s)

synovial supports are

(reduce excessive motion)

meniscus

disc of fibrocartilage, distribute load

eg in knee

labrum

ring of cartilage that cushions joint

eg in shoulder or hip

circumduction

movement that traces a cone

supination

movement that turns the forearm palm up/forward (thumb out)

pronation

movement that turns palm down (thumb in)

dorsiflection

movement lifting foot

plantar flexion

movement pointing foot

synarthroses

immovable joints

amphiarthroses

slightly movable joints

diarthroses

freely movable joints

cruciate ligaments

restrain tibial displacement

osteoarthritis

joint degeneration

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune inflammation affecting joints

ligaments

a sprain injures ______

lateral flexion

bending spine to the side without twisting

inversion

tilting foot so bottom is pointed in

eversion

tilting foot so bottom is pointing out

protraction

moving part forward

retraction

moving part backward