Biology 111 Midterm Review/Actual Exam Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions 100% Correct/Newest Update

Whats the scientific method steps?

1. Observe something

2. Ask a question

3. do a background research

4. construct a hypothesis

5. Test your hypothesis by doing an expierement

6. analyze your data and draw a conclusion

7. Report your results

Whats a hypothesis?

A proposed mechanism for any observation

Whats a prediction?

Has some mention of the dependent variable(s) and is more specific than a hypothesis

Whats an independent variable?

What you change

Whats a dependent variable?

the response variable

Whats control?

The benchmark, what you compare the others to

Whats replication?

They ensure that results are due to an independent and not random chance

Whats the cell theory?

That all organisms are made up of cells, all cells arise from pre existing cells

What are the 4 universal components of cells

Cell membrane, nucleic acids, ribosomes, and enzymes

What is a cell membrane

semi permeable, keeps enviornment out

What do nucleic acids do

carry information in the cell (DNA, RNA)

What do enzymes do

they are protein catalysts used to increase the rate of biological reactions

What do ribosomes do

make proteins needed for cellular function

What are the three domains of life

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and unicellular while eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles with a nucleus

Whats the taxonomic ranking

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Whats an autotroph

An organism that makes its own food (plants)

Whats a heterotroph

does not make its own food. Eats to acquire energy (animals)

Whats a mixotroph

can make its own food but also eats to acquire energy (venus fly trap)

What are the organization mentods of cells

Unicellular (one cell), multicellular (specialized cells), colonial organisms (in colony but can survive if seperated)

Whats the cellular respiration equation

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide, water, energy

Whats respiration rate?

The rate of oxygen consumption

Whats metabolic rate?

The rate of energy use by all the cells of an individual

What's an ectotherm?

An animal that gets its body heat from external sources as opposed to metabolic processes (ecto=outside).

Whats an endotherm?

(endo-inside) An animal that gets its body heat from internal metabolic processes (cellular respiration)

Whats a homotherm?

An animal that has a constant body temp (most homeotherms are endotherms)

Whats a heterotherm?

AN animal whose body temp varies with the environments temperature (most heterotherms are ectotherms)

What are terms to describe thermoregulation strategy?

Endotherm and ectotherm

What are terms to describe patterns in body temperature?

heterotherm and homeotherm

Whats a start codon

the initiator sequence for a gene

whats an exon

parts of a gene that turn into a protein

whats an intron

Parts of a gene that get cut out before translation

Whats a transposon

A type of DNA sequence that can make copies of itself and move to different spots of the genome

What happens if a transposon moves into the exon

The phenotype changes

What happens if a transposon moves into the intron

no phenotype changes (gets cut out)

What's the first step of the polymerase chain reaction

Denaturing: double starnded DNA is seperated into 2 strands

What's the second step of the polymerase chain reaction

Annealing: Primers bind to the beginning and end of target DNA

What's the third step of the polymerase chain reaction

Extension: DNA Polymerase extends the 3' end of primers along the template strand

Whats the importance of the centrifuge

The spinning seperates the DNA