REL 300 Test 1

The Seven Sacraments

Important because they hit very stage of life, creating the cycle of life.

Liturgy of the Word

The priest reads holy scriptures during the first part of mass

Liturgy of the Eucharist

Taking the body and blood of christ

What are the two most important holy orders in Florence, Italy?

The Dominicans (Led by Dominic)- known to be scholarly, Dominic made the first university

The Franciscans (Led by saint Francis of Assisi)- known for their service

What are the issues of the reformers?

 Justification

-Faith vs. Works

 Indulgences

-The selling of

salvation

 Infallibility of the

pope

-Simony

-Nepotism

Pope Leo X

 Eucharist

-Bread vs. Bread and Wine together

-Consubstantiation, Transubstantiation, or

Symbol.

 Baptism

-Infant baptism vs. adult baptism

What helped the movement of the reformation?

1) The invention of the printing press by Johaness Gutenburg of Germany because it allowed the word to spread much quicker

2) The reign of Pope Leo X who planned to build St. Peter’s Basilica

What helped the Roman Catholic Church during the time of the reformation?

Christian Art

• the reformation threatened the Vaticans power so images were used to promote catholicism

• Renaissance ideals spread through art, as the vatican commissioned vast amounts of art

• Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci

  take advantage of the opportunity to express new

  ideas

3 definitions of the Lord’s supper

1) Transubstantiation: bread and wine used during the Eucharist is completely transformed into actual body and blood of Jesus Christ
2) Consubstantiation: body and blood of Jesus coexist with bread and wine of Eucharist - developed by Martin Luther

3) Remembrance: bread and wine taken to remember Jesus -Protestants believed

The creeds

The official statements of the Church

The Ecumenical Councils

The rules and regulations of the church

What are Christian symbols used for in the early years of the church?

• TO COMMUNICATE TO EACH OTHER AND TO TELL THEIR STORY

• VISUAL AIDE TO HELP DEEPEN ONES FAITH

• HELP THEM TO GET CLOSER TO GOD

Cypress Tree

Eternal life

Pomegranate

resurrection and eternal life

Candle

Light of God

Light of Christ

Respect and

accomplishment with

prayers

White lily and dove

Holy spirit

cat

evil spirit

Cherries

abundance and sometimes over-indulgence

Oranges

Medici family, life

Wood

Jesus

Peacock

Feathers = all seeing God

drinking of water of eternal life

Anchor

hope

Olive tree

peace and reconciliation

Pastel Jesus

Saturation of Jesus

Impact- Jesus is seen everywhere so people become numb to him and lose the idea of having a personal relationship with him

What is Christianity?

The story and life teachings of Jesus Christ

What are two events that helped spread Christianity?

1) Pax Romana: allowed Paul the freedom to travel and spread the word

2) Greek Language: was a universal language that helped spread the message

What is Religion?

Religion is a set of beliefs

What is culture?

Culture is a particular form of stage of civilization

How has Italian Culture influenced the catholic culture and how has the catholic culture influenced Italian culture?

one cannot exist without the other

What does the crucifix mean to Italians?

• civilization

• culture

• christian heritage

Who are the traditionalists?

A group of Roman Catholics who stick to the rules of the church before the vatican ll

What language do traditionalists perform in mass?

Latin

Role of the priest

• they face the altar

• not the people

• —>focused more on the crucific and Jesus’ sacrifice rather than the people

What important issues do the traditionalists carry on with today?

• they are conservative traditional by the meaning of the word

• no singing or songs

What does Cunningham say about Mass?

The bible is a crucial and shaping force at the center of Catholic worship

Why is Mary important to the Catholic Church?

• Mother of God, showing Jesus’ humanity, he is not merely divine

• exemplifies proper response to God through her consent: believers should consent to the reality of Jesus the way she did

What does Cunningham say about the old testament and the new testament?

Old testament: is a story, promise, and a prayer

New Testament: is a new covenant between God and his people that is fulfilled through the people and work of Jesus

What does Cunningham mean by the many faces of Christ?

Every culture and person depicts Christ differently based on their circumstances and experience but there is no single depiction that can capture who he is

What are the two types of Liturgies?

• Liturgy of the word

• Liturgy of the Eucharist

What does Genuflection mean and why is this important?

 Genuflection is the gesture of going down on one knee and is important because it is a sign of honoring God’s presence

Why is Baptism important to the Catholic faith?

Because it decides whether someone is a Catholic or not.

What is the Eucharist? Give two examples from Cunningham.

a catholic celebration to remember the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Two examples:

• to express faith in the risen christ

• a sign of unity among christians

What are gestures?

Physical actions to make the mundane, holy and express religious belief

What are some of the structures of the Catholic Church?

• Parishes

• Dioceses (overseen by bishop)

• archdioceses (led by archbishop)

1. Why is San Miniato al Monte church important to the city of Florence? 

• It is important because the church is dedicated and named after St. Miniato who was the first Christian Martyr here in Florence. (250 AD). The Church was built on top of a pre- existent Oratory that was built by St. Miniato

1. Who was San Miniato? 

• He is the evangelizer who brought Christianity to the city of Florence and was killed by Emperor Decius in about 250 AD. 

• He is known to be an Armenian prince.

What is the architectural style of the church? 

• The style is pure Florentine Romanesque architecture. 

• The façade was started in 1018 and was completed in 1207 without marble. 

• Marble was added in 12-13th centuries. 

• The façade has the wonderful white Carrara marble and the green Prato marble. 

The façade of San Miniato al Monte has inspired other important church façade in Florence. Name the three other churches in Florence.

• Santa Maria Novella - 15th century

• Santa Croce - 19th century

• Duomo in the 19th century. 

1. Where are the holy remains of San Miniato? 

• The holy bones are in the crypt. 

• They were placed in the crypt in 1013. 

1. Why are the holy relics important to our religion class? 

• It gives an example of what we have been learning in class about how important relics were to the church during the middle ages and how they are still important today. 

Which monastic order is hosted there today?

• The Benedict Order 

1. Why is San Miniato al Monte known for its daily mass? 

• It is known for the Mass being said in Latin and for the Gregorian Chants. 

1. Why is San Miniato al Monte church world-famous for the monumental
       cemetery? 

• Known as the Holy Gates because the courtyard was designed by Michelangelo in 1529.

• Many important people of the city are to be buried in the cemetery such as Montale, Stibbert, Villari, and Lorenzini the creator of Pinocchio. 

What important art works are in the church?

• The mosaic of the enthroned Christ in benediction

•  The 36 agile columns and fresco on the ceiling of the saints and prophets

• Several 14th-15th century frescoes

• The frescoes of the life of San Benedict (1387)

• The Renaissance Chapel of the Cardinal of Portugal (1461-67)

Why do we need to understand historical development to understand catholicism

Catholicism developed over time and responded to culture, politics, and arguments

The character of catholicism:

• religious tradition

• that tradition is christian

• that christian tradition expresses itself as a community

• that community expresses a worldiew

• that worldview is best expressed as a catholic one

What does it mean that catholicism is a religious tradition?

• a way of relating to God that has been handed down through generations and has a shared history and collective memory

What does it mean that catholicism is sacramentalist?

• God and the divine can be encountered visible and physical things in the world