Chapter 5: Organic Molecules of Life (Proteins)

What is the monomer and polymer of proteins?

Monomer → amino acids

Polymer → polypeptides

How are proteins made?

By joining amino acids into long chains through peptide bonds

How many amino acids are there?

20

What are the different sides of polypeptides?

Amino end (N-terminus)

Carboxyl end (C-terminus)

Primary Structure

Sequence of amino acids

Secondary Structure

Pattern of coils and folds in the polypeptide chain (alpha helices and beta sheets)

Tertiary Structure

Interaction between R groups

Quaternary Structure

Multiple polypeptide chains with tertiary structure interacting together

Which protein structure relies on hydrogen bonds?

Secondary

What are the interactions present in tertiary structure?

1. Hydrogen bonds

2. Ionic bonds

3. Hydrophobic interactions

4. Van der Waals interactions

5. Disulfide bridges

Denaturation

Loss of normal shape and function of a protein due to external factors

X-ray Crystallography

A technique purifying proteins in crystal form to be observed by X-rays