Organic chemistry introduction

Bonding occurring carbon C=C

A single bond is a sigma bond. The orbitals overlap along the plane of the molecule forming a strong bond. Atoms can rotate about the bond.

A double bond is one sigma and one pi bond. The pi bonds is formed by orbitals overlapping at right angles to the plane of the molecule. This forms a weaker bond.

A triple bond is one sigma and two pi bonds

Homologous series

A family of organic compounds with the same functional group but different carbon chain length

Functional group

The reactive groups that gives the homologous series its properties. The functional groups reacts the same way regardless of the length of the carbon chain

Naming molecules

1. Determine the main functional group

2. Another groups / branches

3. Number of carbons

4. Positioning of groups