English Vocabulary and Expressions: Agriculture, Labor, and Society

Vocabulary flashcards covering proper nouns, general nouns, and idiomatic expressions related to organic farming, agricultural labor, ecological terms, and industrial society based on lecture study notes.

WWOOFer

A person who participates in WWOOF, volunteering on organic farms (ウーファー：WWOOFに参加してオーガニック農場などで働く人).

WWOOFing

The activity of volunteering on organic farms through the WWOOF program (ウーフィング).

WWOOF

An acronym for World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms (originally Working Weekends on Organic Farms).

Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms

A global movement and network providing volunteer opportunities on organic farms worldwide (世界中の有機農場).

Working Weekends on Organic Farms

The original name of WWOOF, referring to spending weekends working on organic farms (有機農場で週末に働くこと).

“Modern Times” by Charlie Chaplin

A 1936 film written, directed by, and starring Charlie Chaplin that satirizes industrialization and assembly line labor (1936年、チャーリー・チャップリン主演映画).

acronym

An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word; 頭字語 (とうじご).

tourist visa

An official travel document authorizing temporary entry into a country for sightseeing or tourism; 観光ビザ.

cohabit

To live together and share a residence; 共同生活する、同居する.

change hands

To pass from one owner to another; 持ち主が変わる.

bed and board

Accommodations and meals; lodging and food (ベッド・アンド・ボード、宿泊と食事、住居).

agroecology

The ecological study and sustainable management of agricultural production systems; 農業生態学、アグロエコロジー.

mitigate

To make less severe, harmful, or painful; to alleviate (軽減する、和らげる、緩和する).

greenhouse gas emissions

The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere; 温室効果ガスの排出.

soil erosion

The displacement or gradual wearing away of topsoil by natural forces; 土壌（土じょう）侵食、土壌の流出、浸食.

chemical pollution

Contamination of the environment caused by chemical substances; 化学物質による汚染、化学汚染.

pesticides

Chemical substances used for destroying pests, weeds, or organisms harmful to cultivated plants; 農薬.

boar

A wild pig or swine; イノシシ.

field dress

To clean and eviscerate a hunted game animal in the field by removing its internal organs; 獲物を野外で解体し、内臓を取り出す・処理する.

smokehouse

A building or structure where meat or fish is cured and preserved using smoke; くんせいごや（燻製小屋）.

employer-employee relationship

The legal and functional relationship between an employer and a hired worker; 雇用主と従業員の関係.

farmhands

Hired workers who perform agricultural labor on a farm; 農場で働く人.

menial labor

Unskilled, simple, and tedious work; 単純労働（単純で退屈な労働）.

sow seeds

To scatter or plant seeds in the ground for growing crops; 種をまく.

produce fair

An exhibition or marketplace where agricultural produce is displayed and sold; 農産物フェア.

discarded wood

Leftover, scrapped, or surplus timber and lumber; 廃材.

fruits of one's labor

The rewards, outcome, or positive results of one's hard work; 自分の努力の成果.

epitomize

To be a perfect or typical example of something; 典型的に表す.

assembly line

An industrial arrangement where products are assembled step-by-step along a moving conveyor; 組立ライン、流れ作業の生産ライン.

alienate from

To cause someone to become estranged, isolated, or disconnected from; 〜との関係から遠ざける、疎遠にする.

symbiosis

An interaction or close coexistence between two different organisms, often to mutual advantage; 共生.