Spinal Anatomy Exam4 PCC SU26

THIS IS A COMBINED SET FROM QUIZLET USER Branden_Reed!!!!!!!

What is the orientation of a IVD?

-Between Vertebrae

What is the function of a IVD Endplates?

-Prevent Atrophy & Pressure of Centrum

-Keep IVD within Anatomical Boarders

-Allows Diffusion

What is the innervation of a IVD?

-Reccurent Menengial Nerve (Posterior)

-Grey Ramus Communicans (Lateral)

-Sympathetic Branches of Sympathetic Trunk (Anterior)

What are clinical correlations of a IVD?

-DDD

-Herniation (Protrusion, Extrusion, Seqestration)

What is the orientation of the ALL?

-Anterior Vertebral Body (Occiput to Sacrum)

-Anterior Vertebral Epiphyseal Rims

What is the function of the ALL?

-Limit Extension

What is the innervation of the ALL?

-Anterior Neural Plexus

What are clinical correlations of the ALL?

-OALL

What is OALL?

-Ossification of ALL

-Forestier Disease (DISH)

-Reduces Cervical Mobility

What is the orientation of the PLL?

-Posterior Vertebral Epiphyseal Rims (C2 to Sacrum)

-Posterior IVD

What is the function of the PLL?

-Limit Flexion

What is the innervation of the PLL?

-Posterior Neural Plexus (Nocioceptive & Vasomotor)

What are clinical Correlations of the PLL?

-OPLL

What is OPLL?

-Ossification of PLL

-C=80%, T=10%, L=10%

-Higher in older Japanese Men

-Chromosome 6 Abnormality

What is the orientation of the Capsular ligament?

-Between Vertebral Articular Processes

What is the function of the capsular Ligament?

-Stabilization of the Zygopophyseal Joint(Z-Joints)

What innervates the Capsular Ligament?

-3 Spinal Nerves (From Above, Same Segment, From Below)

What are clinical correlations of the capsular ligament?

-Enlargement (Irritates Neural Tissue & IVD)

What is the orientation of the Interspinous Ligament?

-Between 2 Spinous Processes (C2 to S1)

What is the function of the Interspinous Ligament?

-Limit Flexion

-Provide Proprioceptive Information to Spinal Cord

What is the innervation of the interspinous ligament?

-Mechanoreceptors

-Nociceptive

What are the clinical correlations with the interspinous ligaments?

-None

What is the orientation of the Ligamentum Nuchae?

-Over Spinous Processes from Occiput to C7

What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae?

-Limit Flexion in Cervical Region

What is the innervation of the ligamentum nuchae?

-None

What is the clinical correlation of the ligamentum nuchae?

-None

What is the orientation of the Supraspinous Ligament?

-Spinous Processes for C7 to L4/L5

What is the function of the supraspinous ligament?

-Resist Flexion of Vertebral Colomn

What is the innervation of the supraspinous ligament?

Mechanoreceptors

What are clinical correlations of the supraspinous ligament?

-None

What is the orientation of the intertransverse ligament?

-Cervical (A/P Intertransversarii Muscle)

-Thoracic (Intertransversarii Muscle)

-Lumbar (M/L Membranous Bands)

What is the classification of a kyphotic curve?

-Primary, Anterior

Where are kyphotic curves found?

-Thoracic Region

-Pelvic/Sacral Region

When do Kyphotic curves appear?

-Early Stages of Fetal Development

When do kyphotic curves finish developing?

-Adulthood

What is the location of the thoracic kyphotic curve?

-T2 to T12

What is the location of the Pelvic/Sacral Curve?

-L5 to S1

What is the classification of a lordotic curve?

-Secondary, Posterior

Where are lordotic curves found?

-Cervical region

-Lumbar Region

When do lordotic curves appear?

-Postnatal Period

What are the lordotic developmental milestones?

-Cervical 3-4mo (Lifting/Supporting Head)

-Lumbar 9-18mo (Weight Bearing/Walking/Standing)

What is the orientation of articular facets in infants?

-Coronally Positioned

What is the orientation of articular facets in adults?

-Sagittal Position

When does facet orientation change?

-6-18 months

What direction does the nucleus pulposa shift in the annulus fibrosis at L4?

-Posterior

What level does the nucleus pulposa shift posteriorly in the annulus fibrosis?

-L4

What causes a lateral curves tire in the spine?

-Handedness

-Scoliossis

Where are lateral curvatures typically found?

-Thoracic Region

-Lumbar Region

When do lateral curvatures typically develop?

-6 years

What is swayback?

-Hyperlordotic Curve

What is Straight/Military Neck?

-Hypolorditic Curve

What is Hunchback?

-Hyperkyphotic Curve

What is Straight/ Flat Back?

-Hypokyphotic Curve

What are the types of postural/structural abnormal curves?

-Postural Kyphosis

-Scheuermann's Kyphosis

-Congenital Kyposis

What cause postural kyphosis?

-Posture

-Backpack Weight

How is postural kyphosis corrected?

-Fixing Seated Posture

Is postural kyphosis noticeable when standing?

-No

What % of kids have postural kyphosis?

-1/10

When does postural kyphosis develop?

-12-17 years old (More common in females)

What is scheuermann's kyphosis?

-Structural Kyphosis

-Idiopathic

-Wedging of Vertebral Bodies

How is scheuermann's kyphosis treated?

-Spinal Brace

-Palliative treatment (for pain)

-Exercise

When does shcheuermann's kyphosis develop?

-12 to 15 years old

What causes congenital kyphosis?

-Improperly Formed Vertebrae

-Fused Vertebrae

When is congenital kyphosis developed?

-Before Birth (Worsens with Age)

How is congenital kyphosis treated?

-Surgery

What typically occurs with congenital kyphosis?

-Heart Defects

-Kidney Defects

-Neurological Symptoms

What can occur due to straight/ flat back?

-Decreased Heart Space

-Kinking of Vessels

What is scoliosis?

-Exaggerated Lateral Curve

Where can scoliosis occur?

-Anywhere in Spine (Thoracic Most Common)

What is the cause of scoliosis?

-Developmental

-Anatomical

-Idiopathic

What is scoliosis called from birth to 3 years old?

-Infantile Scoliosis (Uncommon)

What is scoliosis called from 3-10 years?

-Juvenile Scoliosis

What is scoliosis called from 10+ years?

-Adolescent Scoliosis (Most Common)

After age 6 who is more likely to have juvenile scoliosis?

-Females

Before age 6 who is more likely to have juvenile scoliosis?

-Equal in both Males & Females

Who is more likely to develop infantile scoliosis?

-Males

Who is more likely to develop adolescent scoliosis?

-Females

Is adolescent scoliosis linked to genetics?

-Yes

What is the process for classifying scoliosis by using Cobb Method, Location, Direction, Etiology and Structural Classification of Scoliosis?

-Risser Sign

What is the process of determining the magnitude of a curve based on length and angle of curve called?

-Cobb Method

What is stage 0 of risser sign?

-No ossification

What is stage 1 of risser sign?

-Anterolateral 1/4 Ossified

What is stage 2 of risser sign?

-Anterolateral 1/2 Ossified

What is stage 3 of risser sign?

-Anterior 3/4 Ossified

What is stage 4 of risser sign?

-Full Ossification of Iliac Apophysis

What is stage 5 of risser sign?

-Complete Fusion

What are the sutures of the skull?

-Metopic

-Coronal

-Sagittal

-Lamboid

What bones makes up the metopic suture?

-Frontal Bones

What bones makes up the coronal suture?

-Frontal Bones

-Parietal Bones

What bones makes up the sagittal suture?

-Parietal Bones

What bones makes up the Lamboid Suture?

-Parietal Bones

-Occipital Bone

When do sutures fuse by?

-30 years old

What are the types of sutures?

-True/Interlocking

-False/Overlapping

What are the subtypes of True/Interlocking Sutures?

-Serrate

-Denticulate

-Limbous

What are the subtypes types of False/Overlapping Sutures?

-Squamous

-Plane/Harmonia

What are the fontanelles of the skull?

-Anterior

-Posterior

-Mastoid

-Sphenoidal

When does the Anterior Fontanelle typically close?

-1 to 3 years old

When does the Posterior Fontanelle Close?

-2 to 3 months old

When does the Sphenoidal Fontanelle close?

-6 months old

When does the Mastoid Fontanelle close?

-6 to 8 months old