Child Physical and Cognitive Development (Ages 3-6)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering physical and cognitive development, brain lateralization, nutrition, sleep patterns, vaccinations, and motor milestones for ages 2 to 6.

Growth Rate (Ages 3-6)

Physical growth pattern characterized by a height increase of 32-3 inches per year and a weight gain of 4-5 lbs per year, leading to average measurements of approximately 45 inches tall and 45 lbs by age 6.

Body Proportion Changes (Ages 3-6)

Developmental changes leading to more adult-like body proportions, including a decreased head-to-body ratio, longer legs, and an increased waist-to-hip ratio.

Brain Development (Ages 3-6)

Neurological growth reaching 90% of adult brain size, driven by continued myelination, dendrite overproduction, synaptic pruning, and environmental influences.

Lateralization

The brain development process wherein specific cognitive functions are localized and processed in specific hemispheres.

Left Hemisphere Functions

Brain processes specialized in language production, logic and reasoning, reading and writing, and math.

Right Hemisphere Functions

Brain processes specialized in emotional expression, visuo-spatial skills, face recognition, and artistic abilities.

Handedness Distribution

The pattern of hand dominance in children, consisting of 90% right-handed individuals and 10% left-handed individuals.

Carbohydrates (Child Nutrition)

Nutrients that provide the primary energy required for physical activity and brain function in growing children.

Protein (Child Nutrition)

Nutrients essential for overall growth, tissue repair, and immune system function.

Fats (Child Nutrition)

Dietary components necessary for brain development and proper vitamin absorption.

Healthy Eating Habits

Parenting strategies to foster nutrition, including providing variety, trusting internal hunger cues, modeling positive eating behavior, and avoiding food battles.

Sleep Duration (Ages 3-6)

Recommended daily sleep requirement of 10-13 hours per 24-hour period.

Sleep Patterns (Ages 3-6)

Rest routines characterized by consistent bed and wake times and decreased daytime napping, with most 5-6 year olds no longer napping.

Bad Dreams Prevalence

A common pediatric sleep problem affecting approximately 13% of children.

Night Terrors Prevalence

A pediatric sleep disturbance affecting approximately 1-6.5% of children.

Importance of Sleep

Key health domain impacting cognitive function, emotional regulation, physical health, and daily behavior in children.

MMR Vaccine

An immunization administered for health protection against measles.

DTaP Vaccine

An immunization that provides health protection against tetanus.

Hep B Vaccine

An immunization that protects liver function.

Reasons for Vaccination

Key health justifications including preventing fatal diseases, protecting immunocompromised individuals, contributing to herd immunity, and trusting established science.

Leading Health Concerns in Early Childhood

Major safety and health risks to young children, specified as unintentional injury, infectious disease, and environmental hazards.

Preventative Health Measures

Actionable safety practices including maintaining a child-proof environment, ensuring constant supervision, scheduling regular check-ups, and utilizing car seats and helmets.

Motor Development (Ages 2-3)

Milestones where gross motor skills include climbing and ascending stairs, while fine motor skills include using utensils and turning doorknobs.

Motor Development (Ages 3-4)

Milestones including throwing and catching a ball (gross motor) and cutting with scissors (fine motor).

Motor Development (Ages 4-5)

Milestones including walking across a balance beam (gross motor) and drawing recognizable figures (fine motor).

Motor Development (Ages 5-6)

Milestones including jumping rope (gross motor) and tying shoelaces (fine motor).

Physical Activity Guidelines (Ages 3-4)

Guidelines recommending 3 hours of physical activity daily (with 1+ hour of moderate to vigorous activity) and ensuring children are not restrained for 1+ hour.

Physical Activity Guidelines (Ages 5-6)

Guidelines recommending 1 hour daily of moderate to vigorous activity, engaging in physical activity 3 times weekly, and limiting stationary behavior.