Eukaryotic cells and organelles (copy)

What are the organelles inside eukaryotic cells (10)

• Cell surface membrane

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Golgi apparatus And Golgi vesicles

• Lysosomes

• Ribosomes

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum

• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• Cell wall

• Cell vacuole

What is a eukaryotic cell

Type of cells that contain membrane bound organelles (have its own phospolipid bilayer)

What organelles do plants have that animal cells do not

Cell wall,chloroplast ,vacuole

What organelles do algae have that animal cells do not

Cell wall,chloroplast

What organelles do fungi have that animal cells do not

Cell wall

What is an amoeba

A single cell organism

What is the cell wall of plants and algae made from

Microfibrils of cellulose

What is the cell wall of fungi made from

Chitin,a nitrogen containing polysaccharide

What is the cell wall of prokaryotes made from

Murein

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Contains…

Chromosomes-protein bound,linear DNA sometimes in the decondensed form (chromatin)

Nucleoplasm -jelly like liquid inside the nucleus contains water and dissolved solids

Nucleolus-site of ribosome and RNA production

Nuclear membrane (envelope)-double membrane of phospholipid bilayer.has inner and outer nuclear membrane with inter membrane space

Nuclear pore -allows substances to leave and enter the nucleus

What is the function of the nucleus

Site of DNA replication and transcription (making mRNA)

Contains the genetic code for each cell

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

Double membrane -inner and outer mitochondrial membrane with inner membrane space

cristae-inner membrane is folded to provide a large surface area

Mitochondrial matrix-liquid inside mitochondria containing water and solutes

MT DNA to code for enzymes needed in respiration

What is the function of the mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration

Site of ATP production

Describe the structure of ribosomes

No membrane

Small amd large subunits

Larger in eukaryotic cells -80S & smaller in prokaryotic cells-70S

What is the function of ribosomes

Protein synthesis

Amino acids are joined together to make proteins primary structure from mRNA (translation)

Describe the structure of the RER(rough endoplasmic reticulum)

Continuous extension of the outer nuclear membrane

Has folded membrane(cisternae)

Has ribosomes attached to its outer surface

What is the function of RER

Ribosomes -protein synthesis,join amino acids forms primary structure

Site of further folding within,forming tiertiary and secondary structure

describe the structure of lysosomes

Contain hydrolytic enzymes which break down substances

describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus

Membranous structure

vesicles pinch off from the cisternae

Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus

Makes protein by combining polypeptide chains to form the quaternary structure

Modifies protein by adding substances such as lipids to form lipoproteins

Stores proteins

Packages protein into vesicles to go within the cell or to be secreted out of the cell (Golgi vesicles)

Modifies triglycerides

Explain the function of vesicles

Membranous spheres used to package protein

Bud off RER and goes to Golgi and fuses with it

Carries out exocytosis

Describe the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Has folded membranes (cisternae) has no ribosomes on outer surface

What is the function of SER

Involved in producing and storing lipid molecules such as steroids and hormones

Describe the structure of the vacuole

Filled with fluid surrounded by a single membrane called a tonoplast

What is the function of the vacuole

Contains a temporary food store made of sugars,amino acids and pigment

Low water potential

Can become turgid so provides support

Describe the structure of the chloroplast

Has a double membrane,inner and outer membrane

Has ribosomes to produce enzymes needed for photosynthesis

Chloroplast DNA-makes mRNA to form the enzyme

Has stroma-liquid inside chloroplast

Thylakoid membrane (phospholipid membranes contains chlorophyll )-can form a stack called granum linked by lamllae

What is the function of the chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Absorbs light for photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates

Describe the structure of the plant cell wall

Made from B glucose-forms microfibrils & fibrils which make a cellulose fibre

Space Imbetween cells walls,permeable so allows molecules for transport

What is the function of the cell wall

-provides strength for the cell,prevents cell lysis by osmotic pressure

Mechanical strength for plant