Science Unit 2 Study Guide

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance that holds everything in place (animals, plants, bacteria)

Cell membrane

Controls what goes in and out of the cell (animal, plant, bacteria)

nucleus

Control center (animal and plants)

ribosomes

synthesizes proteins (animal, plants, bacteria)

E.R

Transports proteins and synthesizes fats (animals and plants)

Golgi

Packages materials for transportation (animals and plants)

Cell wall

provides support (plants and bacteria)

Vacuole

stores water, salt, and proteins (animal-small, plants-large)

Cytoskeleton

provides support and allows movement (animals and plants)

Flagella

used for movement (animals-some, plants)

chloroplast

makes plants green and produces photosynthesis (plants)

DNA

Contain genetic material (animal, plants, bacteria)

lysosomes

breaks down and cleans out old food and stuff (animals)

mitochondria

site of cellular respiration (animal and plants)

Cell Theory (3)

1 All cells are from pre-existing cells

2 Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

3 All living things are made of one or more cells

Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic:

• no nucleus

• no membrane-bound organelles

• unicellular

• Include bacteria

Eukaryotic :

• Have a nucleus

• membrane-bound organelles

• can be unicellular or multicellular

• can form specialized cells

• Plant and animal cells

Both:

• living cells

• contains DNA

• can reproduce on their own

Animal vs. Plant cells

Animal:

• outerlayer is the cell membrane

• irregular shape

• contains lysosomes and centrioles

Plant:

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• large central vacuole

• shape is more rectangular

Both:

• Eukaryotic cells

• many same organelles

• cell specialization